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1、-人教版八年级上册英语第三单元重点知识总结-第 10 页Unit 3(比较级的使用,both的用法,描述性格的单词)1. WordsOutgoing both better loudly quietly hard-working competition fantastic which clearly win though talented truly care laugh serious mirror kid grade should saying reach hand touch heart fact break arm share loud similar primary informat
2、ion 重点讲解:1) both 两个都一般和of连用Eg:Both of pens are mine.两支钢笔都是我的。2) hard-working adj.工作努力的,辛勤的Eg:I admire theirhard-workingspirit.我钦佩他们的辛勤工作的精神。3) Which 哪一个Which class are you in?你在哪个班?Which one is yours?哪个是你的?4) Serious adj严肃的,稳重的Eg:Ian is a serious guy.伊恩是一个认真的人。(伊恩是一个稳重的人)This is a serious decision.这
3、是个严肃的决定。adv seriously 认真地,严肃地Eg:Lets talk about it seriously. 让我们认真的来谈一谈。(让我们严肃认真的来聊聊)5) Truly adv 真正,确实Eg:Hetrulylovedhischildren. 他由衷地爱他的孩子们。典型地Eg:SpainwastrulyaEuropeannation.西班牙是个典型的欧洲国家。6) Necessary adj. 必要的,必须的Eg: sthatreallynecessary?那真有必要吗?It is necessary that buy some papers when we are in
4、art class.当我们上艺术课的时候买些纸是很必要的。7) Should 情态动词 “应该”Eg:We should go outside to buy some papers.我们应该去外面买纸。You should be quiet.你应该安静点。8) Break v.损坏,断,裂,破Eg:Didyourdressbreak?你的衣服破了吗?Did you break the table?是你损坏了桌子吗?My pen was broken yesterday.我的钢笔昨天被弄坏了。名词 休息Lets take a break.休息一会儿。短语:Break down 出故障Eg:The
5、ir car broke down.他们的车出故障了。9) Share v. 分享Eg:Children should learn to share. 小孩应该学会与人分享东西。Share sth with sb与某人分享某物Eg:You should share your apples with your sister.你应该把你的苹果和你妹妹分享。10) Primary adj 最初的,最早的Eg:My father is theprimaryinvestigatorsonthatcase我父亲是最早参加那个项目的研究员。总结形容词变副词:形容词变副词的一般规则形容词变副词通常是加ly,其
6、变化有规律可循口诀:一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下:quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;possible-possibly2. Phrases1) care about 担心,关心,在意Eg:I really care about my work.我真的关心我的工作.take care of;look after ;care about;Take care of ;look after 都是照看,照顾的意思。Eg:He spent years taking care of his sick mother他数
7、年中一直在照顾生病的母亲.He spent years looking after his sick mother他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲.Care about 侧重于关心某种情况。Dont you care about anybody?你难道谁也不关心吗?2) As long as 只要,既然,如果Eg:As long as there is life there is hope. 留得生命在,不怕没希望.(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧)You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock. 你可以出去,只要你答应
8、在11点以前回来. as long as=so long as. Ill accept any job so long as I dont have to get up early. 只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受.3) Be different from 与什么不同;不同于Eg:Mywayoflifeisverydifferentfromhers.我和她的生活方式差别很大。(hers=her way of life)bedifferentfrom一般指同一种类型的东西在某点上不同bedifferentwith一般是指不同类型事物的比较。Eg:Hesalwaysnoisywithus,bu
9、theisdifferentwithgirls。和我们在一起他很吵闹,和女孩在一起就不一样了。4) Bring out 使显现,使表现出Eg:Difficulties can bring out a persons best qualities艰难困苦方能显示出一个人的优秀品质。其他含义:出版Eg:They try to bring out one new book each month他们争取每月出版一本新书。生产Eg:The factory is bringing out a new type of recorder这家工厂正在生产一种新型录音机。5) The same as和一致;与一样
10、Eg:His dream is the same as mine.他的梦想和我的一样。as.as的含义为“和一样”,用于形容词、副词的同级比较。需要注意的是,两个as的词性和用法不一样,第一个as是副词,后面接形容词或副词的原级,第二个as多为连词,后面多接比较状语从句,其基本结构为:as + adj + as和as+adv+as。Eg:This dictionary is as useful as you这本字典和你想象的一样有用He speaks English as well as Zhang Ming他讲英语和张明一样好。6) In fact 事实上,实际上,确切地说Eg:In fac
11、t ,Ive never liked you,事实上,我从没喜欢过你。really, truly (同义)下面是in fact 的句中用法。Eg:I thought Betty was in the garden, but in fact she was in her room. 我以为贝蒂在花园,其实她在自己的房间里。 In fact the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter. 在冬天地球离太阳实际上还要近一些。 No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass
12、her exam. 尽管没有人相信,但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。7) Be similar with 与相似;类似的Eg:I have no similar with Tom.汤姆和我毫无共同之处.be similar to后边既可以加物主代词又可以加人,即:be similar to sth/sbbe similar with后边只可以加人 ,即be similar with sbEg:My problems are similar to yours.我的问题与你的类似。8) Be taller than(比较级)比高Eg:I am taller than my sister.9) Talk
13、 about谈论(事情或人)Eg:Please dont talk about it in front of the children. 请不要当着孩子们谈论那事.10) Thats why 这便是为什么;这就是的原因Eg:Thats why he was late this morning.这就是他今天早上迟到的原因。3. Grammar1) 形容词副词比较级形容词的比较级变化规则;1、规则变化:(1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er:如: small -smaller(2)以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,:如: late - later (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er:如: e
14、asy - easier (4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er:如: big - bigger以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er如: slow - slower(5)多音节词前加more.如: important - more important 2.不规则变化good / well - better 好 bad / badly / ill - worse 坏many / much - more 多 little - less 少old - older / elder 老,旧 far - farther / further 远2) 一般疑问句一、 含有be动词的一般
15、疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。eg:陈述句:Theyareintheswimmingpool.一般疑问句:Aretheyintheswimmingpool?:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can,may.),把情态动词调到句首。eg:陈述句:Hecandriveacar.一般疑问句:Canhedriveacar?三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式:1.把have/has调到句首。eg:陈述句:Tommyhasacomputer.一般疑问句:HasTommy/heacomputer?2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用doe
16、s,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does+主语+have.?DoesTommyhaveacomputer?四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它?陈述句:AmyspeaksEnglish.一般疑问句:DoesAmyspeakEnglish?如何回答一般疑问句。首先要有人称的改变。当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。另外,答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。eg:-IsMaryyour
17、sister?-Yes,sheis./No,she isnt.(缩写)二、 一般疑问句含有情态动词(can,may,should等)时,用情态动词回答。eg:-MayIcomein?-Yes,youmay./No,youcant.三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。1.直接用have/has回答。eg:-Havetheyanypictures?-Yes,theyhave./No,theyhavent.2.用助动词do/does回答。eg:-DoesMilliesmoke?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。eg
18、:-DotheworkersliveinLondon?-Yes,theydo./No,theydont.一般疑问句也可称为“yesnoquestions”,因这种问句通常用yesno来回答,相当于汉语中的“吗?”其语序是:系动词be助动词情态动词主语其他成分?eg:AreyoufromJapan?YesIamNoImnotIshersisterdoingherhomeworknow?YessheisNosheisnt.Doesheworkinabank?YeshedoesNohedoesnt.Doyoulivenearyourschool?YesIdoNoIdontCanyouspeakFre
19、nch?YesIcanNoIcantMayIgohomenow?YesyoumayNoyoumustnt1 将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be动词(amisare)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。eg:IminClass2Grade1AreyouinClass2Grade1?WerewatchingTVAreyouwatchingTV?2 陈述句中有情态动词(canmaymust)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。eg:HecanswimnowCanheswimnow?3陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要
20、在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。Eg:IliketheseanimalsDoyouliketheseanimals?ShewantstogotothemoviesDoesshewanttogotothemovies?描述性格的词:描述人性格的英语词汇optimistic乐观independent独立的out-going外向的active活泼的able有才干的,能干的;adaptable适应性强的active主动的,活跃的;aggressive有进取心的 outgoing外向的 quietly 安静地 hard-working 勤奋的Talented 有才能的 serious 稳重的 kind 和蔼的 nice 亲切的 smart 聪明的Friendly 友好的