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1、-上海市八校2017届高三上学期11月联考英语试题(解析版) - 副本-第 15 页2017届高三年级 八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟) 第I卷 （共90分） II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(101=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the prope
2、r form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _(search) for permanent romance in Rome and
3、they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome. The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _ means “to write in a Romance language,” and
4、on to the English romance. The Romance languages (23) _(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) _ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)_ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as
5、opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages. Medieval Romances were tales (26) _(write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) _
6、(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace
7、 Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by d
8、eceiving (30) _, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.” Section B（101=10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. astonishingly B. surround
9、ing C. collapse D. unnoticed E. interrupted F. previously G. congratulate H. predictions I. potential J. producing K. properties In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), Br
10、itish physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to _31_ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news. According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important _32_ of Einsteins theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gr
11、avitational waves directly. As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einsteins famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33_ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱） to study the universe, but
12、objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go _34_. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena. “Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to
13、 detect them has the _35_ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed _36_ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.” However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for
14、 astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational _37_ of a star-so how did both of these black holes become so massive? This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries _38_ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are havi
15、ng a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, _39_ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-ma
16、ssive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are _40_ rare, throwing
17、some black holes evolution theories into doubt. One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that weve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So its good to know were on the right track. III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（151=15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage
18、there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a childrens party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 ,
19、he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the worlds resources, 42 _ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship-a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the i
20、dea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 _ its aims and assumptions. What do they say - and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology
21、nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, house
22、holds and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross do
23、mestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and ca
24、r accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not
25、53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecologic
26、al economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be w
27、rong.41.A. grasslandB. nationC. economyD. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confidentC. astonishedD. anxious43.A. lessB. smallerC. moreD. larger44.A. movementsB. influencesC. limitsD. threats45.A. rejectB. realizeC. resembleD. revolutionize46.A. challengersB. learnersC. advocatesD. professors47.A. address
28、edB. ignoredC. opposedD. reflected48.A. advancedB. formerC. latterD. scientific49.A. numberB. productC. ideaD. measure50.A. In additionB. For exampleC. In other wordsD. In its place51. A. peakedB. plungedC. persistedD. paused52. A. sufficientB. efficientC. constantD. adequate53. A. impressedB. invol
29、vedC. concernedD. appointed54. A. call forB. contribute toC. warn againstD. refer to55. A. settingB. oversteppingC. extendingD. redrawingSection B（112=22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are
30、 four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern - that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spi
31、rits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. Just wait, a neighbor advised. Youll wake up one morning and spring will just be here. And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of fli
32、pping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The trees dark twi
33、sted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的） abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderl
34、y branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak.Youre not cutt
35、ing it down, are you? she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. Dont kill it, now, he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these peoples names, what they did for
36、a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldnt help recalling Robert Frosts words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One
37、 thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, We need to prune that apple tree
38、 again. 56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _.A. he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _. A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ow
39、nerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because _.A. they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB. they wanted to prevent the author from pruning
40、 the treeC. they were concerned about the safety of the treeD. they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the authors neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _.A. when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning
41、 of the apple tree (B) Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense-with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.Key Highlights Although it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres
42、high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificentAoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealands
43、only International Dark Sky Reserve.Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are
44、part of the fun.Key Activities Mountain walks There are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass ro
45、utesover the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.Glacier viewing and skiing Helicopters and skiplanes provide access to the parks fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers.
46、 From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glaciers terminal lake by boat.Mountaineering Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular.Key Tips C
47、limbers dont require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.Winter climbing is an extreme sportonly recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.The weather can change very suddenlybe prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/or high winds.The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights an