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1、-情态动词must_can_could_may_might表推测的用法-第 4 页情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法:情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大,can / could次之,may / might最小。具体用法如下:1.must的用法(1)表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“一定、准是”,语气较肯定,较有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表
2、示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用cant,如询问某种可能时,应用can。He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。(一定) He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不)Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗?(询问可能性)(3)must表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。He m
3、ust have finished the work.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。注:must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow.(4)在反意疑问句中,当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时,疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? (现在)他准时个工人,是吗?It must have rained last night, didnt it? (过去)昨晚一
4、定下雨了,是不是?You must have learned English for many years, havent you? (完成时)你一定学了好多年英语,是吗?2.can / could的用法(1)can表示推测“可能性”时,往往用于否定句或疑问句。Cant“一定不”,语气很肯定。can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。(2)can /cant后可接进行时/完成时,表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。They cant be reading in
5、 the library. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。He cant have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢?(3)在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的cant时,疑问部分的助动词应与cant后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致.He cant be a teacher, is he? 他不是教师,是吗?She cant have finished her homework, has she?
6、 她一定没有完成家庭作业,是不是?(4)could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。Dont eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它,可能有毒。The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。 (5)could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?Could you help me?(6)couldnt表示否定推测,表示某事不可能真实,或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。It couldnt pos
7、sibly be poison. 这不可能是毒药。注:有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。You couldnt be more wrong. 你真是大错特错。I couldnt be happier. 我简直是幸福极了。3. may和might的用法(1)may, might表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能”、“也许”,语气没有 must肯定。He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是个美国人。注:might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比may更委婉,表示的可能性更小
8、。(2)may, might表推测时,可以用于否定句,意思是“可能不、也许不”,但不用于疑问句。He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。(3)may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。He may / might be sleeping now. (现在)他可能正在睡觉。The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. (现在)这个男孩可能没在家看电视These students may / might have seen the film before.(过去)这些学生以前可能看过这部电影
9、。(4)may, might还可以推测将来的情况。I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. 我想我们应该带上雨衣,可能要下雨了。She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不来了。although与though的区别和用法一、用作连词表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用,只是 although 比 though 更为正式:Though Although it was raining,we went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。Though Although it was b
10、arely four oclock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟,灯已经亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷,仍然很快活。二、用作副词although 一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是”、“不过”:Its hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。You can count on him, though. 不
11、过你可以指靠他。三、用于习语在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although:She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的。We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. 我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him. 尽管我反对过他,我还得说他是一个诚实的人。She was always a
12、fraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends.尽管她有很多男朋友,她总是害怕男人。四、用于倒装though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但 although 一般不这样用:Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子,但干得很好。despite,in spite of的区别和用法Despite用作介词时,与 in spite of同义,都表
13、示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意,但程度有所不同。一般说来,in spite of的语气较强,使用范围也较广; despite的语气较弱,多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite可以写作despite of,也可以写作 in despite of;in spite of则可以写作 spite of,但这些写法已少用了。例:Despite his advanced years,he is learning to drive.虽然年事已高,他现在在学驾驶汽车。Despite the drought,we expect a good crop.尽管天旱,丰收依然在望。In spite of the
14、 police brandishing their clubs and pistols,people showed not the slightest fear.尽管警方挥动着短棍及手枪,但人们毫不畏惧。We arrived at the station in spite of the storm.虽然有暴风雨,我们依旧准点到达火车站。应当在此指出的是,在现代英语里,despite和in spite of的差距已日渐缩小,很多人已将它们互换使用。Despite除作介词外,尚可用作名词,表示“蔑视”、“憎恨”、“无意对待”之意。例:The old woman died of despite.那位老大娘饮恨而死。He tripped me out of despite,not by accident.他绊倒我是出于恶意,不是出于意外。在上列两句中,despite用作名词,它亦可改写为spite。