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1、-海牙-维斯比规则(中英对照word版)-第 26 页统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约（1924年8月22日订于布鲁塞尔，1924年8月25日颁布，1942年8月25日实施）INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OF LAW RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING(“HAGUE RULES”), AND PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE(Brussels, 25 August 1924)The President of the German Republic, the Preside
2、nt of the Argentine Republic, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the Republic of Chile, the President of the Republic of Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His Majesty the King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the United States of America
3、, the President of the Republic of Finland, the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most Supreme Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the
4、King of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the Latvian Republic, the President of the Republic of Mexico, His Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of the Polish Republic, the President of the
5、 Portuguese Republic, His Majesty the King of Romania, His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, His Majesty the King of Sweden, and the President of the Republic of Uruguay, HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain uniform rules of law relating to bills of lading,
6、HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this object and have appointed the following Plenipotentiaries: WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:第一条 Article 1本公约所用下列各词，涵义如下：In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings set out below:(a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或
7、租船人。(a)Carrier includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.(b)“运输合同”仅适用于以提单或任何类似的物权凭证进行有关海上货物运输的合同；在租船合同下或根据租船合同所签发的提单或任何物权凭证，在它们成为制约承运人与凭证持有人之间的关系准则时，也包括在内。(b)Contract of carriage applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any
8、similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relatio
9、ns between a carrier and a holder of the same.(c)“货物”包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类的物品，但活牲畜以及在运输合同上载明装载于舱面上并且已经这样装运的货物除外。(c)Goods includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so car
10、ried.(d) “船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船舶。(d)Ship means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.“货物运输”是指自货物装上船时起，至卸下船时止的一段期间。(e)Carriage of goods covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.第二条 Article 2除遵照第六条规定外，每个海上货物运输合同的承运人，对有关货物的装载、搬运、积
11、载、运送、保管、照料和卸载，都应按照下列规定承担责任和义务，并享受权利和豁免。Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, a
12、nd entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth.第三条 Article 31承运人须在开航前和开航时谨慎处理：1.The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to:(a)使船舶适航；(a)Make the ship seaworthy. (b) 适当地配备船员、装备船舶和供应船舶；(b)Properly man, equip and supply the ship.(c)
13、使货舱、冷藏舱和该船其他载货处所能适宜和安全地收受、运送和保管货物。(c)Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.2除遵照第四条规定外，承运人应适当和谨慎地装卸、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载所运货物。2.Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the ca
14、rrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried.3承运人或船长或承运人的代理人在收受货物归其照管后，经托运人的请求，应向托运人签发提单，其上载明下列各项：3.After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to t
15、he shipper a bill of lading showing among other things:(a) 与开始装货前由托运人书面提供者相同的、为辨认货物所需的主要标志，如果这项标志是以印戳或其他方式标示在不带包装的货物上，或在其中装有货物的箱子或包装物上，该项标志通常应在航程终了时仍能保持清晰可认。(a)The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such g
16、oods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.(b) 托运人用书面提供的包数或件数，或数量，或重量。(b)Either the number of pac
17、kages or pieces, or the quantity, or weight, as the case may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper.(c) 货物的表面状况。(c)The apparent order and condition of the goods.但是，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人，不一定必须将任何货物的标志、号码、数量或重量表明或标示在提单上，如果他有合理根据怀疑提单不能正确代表实际收到的货物，或无适当方法进行核对的话。Provided that no carrier, master or agent of t
18、he carrier shall be bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number, quantity, or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not accurately to represent the goods actually received, or which he has had no reasonable means of checking.4依照第3款(a)、(b)、(c)项所载内容的这样一张提单，应作为承运人收到该提单
19、中所载货物的初步证据。4. Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with paragraph 3(a), (b) and (c).5托运人应被视为已在装船时向承运人保证，由他提供的标志、件数、数量和重量均正确无误；并应赔偿给承运人由于这些项目不正确所引起或导致的一切灭失、损坏和费用。承运人的这种赔偿权利，并不减轻其根据运输合同对托运人以外的任何人所承担的责任和义务。5. T
20、he shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and weight, as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnity the carrier against all loss, damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particul
21、ars. The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.6在将货物移交给根据运输合同有权收货的人之前或当时，除非在卸货港将货物的灭失和损害的一般情况，已用书面通知承运人或其代理人，则这种移交应作为承运人已按照提单规定交付货物的初步证据。6. Unless notice of loss or damage and
22、the general nature of such loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent,
23、within three days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of lading.如果灭失或损坏不明显，则这种通知应于交付货物之日起的三天内提交。If the loss or damage is not apparent, the notice must be given within three days of the delivery of the goods.如果货物状况在收受时已经进行联合
24、检验或检查，就无须再提交书面通知。The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has, at the time of their receipt, been the subject of joint survey or inspection.除非从货物交付之日或应交付之日起一年内提出诉讼，承运人和船舶在任何情况下都免除对灭失或损害所负的一切责任。In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in re
25、spect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered. 遇有任何实际的或推定的灭失或损害，承运人与收货人必须为检验和清点货物相互给予一切合理便利。In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonabl
26、e facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods.7货物装船后，如果托运人要求，签发“已装船”提单，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人签发给托运人的提单，应为“已装船”提单，如果托运人事先已取得这种货物的物权单据，应交还这种单据，换取“已装船”提单。但是，也可以根据承运人的决定，在装货港由承运人、船长或其代理人在上述物权单据上注明装货船名和装船日期。经过这样注明的上述单据，如果载有第三条第3款所指项目，即应成为本条所指的“已装船”提单。7.After the goods are loaded the bill of la
27、ding to be issued by the carrier, master, or agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall, if the shipper so demands, be a shipped bill of lading, provided that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of title to such goods, he shall surrender the same as against the issue of the sh
28、ipped bill of lading, but at the option of the carrier such document of title may be noted at the port of shipment by the carrier, master, or agent with the name or names of the ship or ships upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates of shipment, and when so noted, if it shows the
29、 particulars mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 3, shall for the purpose of this Article be deemed to constitute a shipped bill of lading.8运输合同中的任何条款、约定或协议，凡是解除承运人或船舶对由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条规定的责任和义务，因而引起货物或关于货物的灭失或损害的责任的，或以下同于本公约的规定减轻这种责任的，则一律无效。有利于承运人的保险利益或类似的条款，应视为属于免除承运人责任的条款。8.Any clause, covenant, or ag
30、reement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in this Conve
31、ntion, shall be null and void and of no effect. A benefit of insurance in favour of the carrier or similar clause shall be deemed to be a clause relieving the carrier from liability.第四条 Article 41不论承运人或船舶，对于因不适航所引起的灭失或损坏，都不负责，除非造成的原因是由于承运人未按第三条第1款的规定，克尽职责；使船舶适航；保证适当地配备船员、装备和供应该船，以及使货舱、冷藏舱和该船的其它装货处所能
32、适宜并安全地收受、运送和保管货物。凡由于船舶不适航所引起的灭失和损害，对于已克尽职责的举证责任，应由根据本条规定要求免责的承运人或其他人承担。1.Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy and to secure that the s
33、hip is properly manned, equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 3. Whenever loss or
34、 damage has resulted from unseaworthiness the burden of proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming exemption under this Article.2不论承运人或船舶，对由于下列原因引起或造成的灭失或损坏，都不负责：2.Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or resultin
35、g from:(a)船长、船员、引水员或承运人的雇佣人员，在驾驶船舶或管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行义务；(a)Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship.(b)火灾，但由于承运人的实际过失或私谋所引起的除外；(b)Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier.(c)海上或其它可航
36、水域的灾难、危险和意外事故；(c)Perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters.(d)天灾；(d)Act of God.(e)战争行为；(e)Act of war.(f)公敌行为；(f)Act of public enemies.(g)君主、当权者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押；(g)Arrest or restraint or princes, rulers or people, or seizure under legal process.(h)检疫限制；(h)Quarantine restrictio
37、ns.(i)托运人或货主、其代理人或代表的行为或不行为；(i)Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or representative.(j)不论由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罢工、关厂停止或限制工作；(j)Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever cause, whether partial or general.(k)暴动和骚乱；(k)Riots and civil commotions.(l)救助或企图救
38、助海上人命或财产；(l)Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea.(m)由于货物的固有缺点、质量或缺陷引起的体积或重量亏损，或任何其它灭失或损坏；(m)Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods.(n)包装不充分；(n)Insufficiency of packing.(o)标志不清或不当；(o)Insufficiency or inadequacy
39、of marks.(p)虽克尽职责亦不能发现的潜在缺点；(p)Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence.(q)非由于承运人的实际过失或私谋，或者承运人的代理人，或雇佣人员的过失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用这条免责利益的人应负责举证，证明有关的灭失或损坏既非由于承运人的实际过失或私谋，亦非承运人的代理人或雇佣人员的过失或疏忽所造成；(q)Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or without the actual
40、 fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss
41、or damage.3.对于任何非因托运人、托运人的代理人或其雇佣人员的行为、过失或疏忽所引起的使承运人或船舶遭受的灭失或损坏，托运人不负责任。3.The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servants.4.为救助或企图救助海上人命或财产而发生
42、的绕航，或任何合理绕航，都不能作为破坏或违反本公约或运输合同的行为；承运人对由此而引起的任何灭失或损害，都不负责。4.Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this Convention or of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for
43、any loss or damage resulting therefrom.5.承运人或是船舶，在任何情况下对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害，每件或每计费单位超过一百英镑或与其等值的其他货币的部分，都不负责；但托运人于装货前已就该项货物的性质和价值提出声明，并已在提单中注明的，不在此限。5.Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 po
44、unds sterling per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading.该项声明如经载入提单，即作为初步证据，但它对承运人并不具有约束力或最终效力。This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading s
45、hall be prima facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.经承运人、船长或承运人的代理人与托运人双方协议，可规定不同于本款规定的另一最高限额，但该最高限额不得低于上述数额。By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed, pro
46、vided that such maximum shall not be less than the figure above named.如承运人在提单中，故意谎报货物性质或价值，则在任何情况下，承运人或是船舶，对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害，都不负责。Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly miss
47、tated by the shipper in the bill of lading.6承运人、船长或承运人的代理人对于事先不知性质而装载的具有易燃、爆炸或危险性的货物，可在卸货前的任何时候将其卸在任何地点，或将其销毁，或使之无害，而不予赔偿；该项货物的托运人，应对由于装载该项货物而直接或间接引起的一切损害或费用负责。如果承运人知道该项货物的性质，并已同意装载，则在该项货物对船舶或货载发生危险时，亦得同样将该项货物卸在任何地点，或将其销毁，或使之无害，而不负赔偿责任，但如发生共同海损不在此限。6.Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous n
48、ature to the shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not consented with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any time before discharge be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expenses directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment. If any such goods shipped