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1、-牛津8B_Unit1知识点归纳、难点解析、语法复习-沈毅-第 11 页8B Unit 1 Past and present【短语学习重点】Comic strip Welcome to the unit1.an hour ago 一小时前 p.62.used to share food with me 过去常常与我分享食物 p.6 3.go to school by bike 骑自行车上学 p.7 4.take a bus to school 乘公共汽车上学 p.7Reading5 . knowvery well 非常了解 p.86. since I was born 自我出生以来 p.87
2、. live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部 p.88. get married 结婚 p.89. move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 p.810. since then 从那以后 p.8 11. change a lot 改变许多 p.812. over the years 在这些年期间 p.813. in the town centre 在镇中心 p.814. turninto 把变成 p.815. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 p.916. put the waste into the river 把废料扔进河
3、里 p.917. take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善情况 p.918. much cleaner 干净得多 p.919.in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面 p.920. have a beautiful modern town 拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇 p.921. most of my old friends 我的大多数老朋友 p.922.move away 搬走 p.923. see each other as often as before 和过去一样频繁的见到彼此 p.924 play cards and Chines
4、e chess 打牌，下中国象棋 p.925. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤单 p.926.the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变 p.927.have an interview with sb. 采访某人 p.928. all ones life 一生 p.11Grammar29.repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 p.1430.the changes in Beijing 北京的变化 p.14 31.over the past century 上个世纪期间 p.1432.learn mo
5、re about 更多了解关于 p.14Integrated skills33.clean and fresh air 干净新鲜空气 p.1534.living condition 居住环境 p.1535.railway station 火车站 p.15 36.travel to and from the town by bus 乘公交进出城镇 p.1637.another big change 另一个大变化 p.1638.used to live in old houses 过去住在旧房子里 p.1639.move into new flats 搬进新的公寓 p.1640.return fr
6、om the USA 从美国回来 p.1641.go abroad 出国，去国外 p.1642.at primary school 在小学 p.1643.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联络 p.16municate by email 通过电子邮件交流 p.1645.make communication much easier 使沟通更容易 p.16Study Skills46.be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 p.1747.on ones own 独自地，独立地 p.17Task 48.narrow and dirty
7、 roads 又窄又脏的公路 p.1949.wide and clean streets 宽阔而干净的街道 p.1950.green trees on birth sides 两边绿树 p.1951.open spaces 开阔的空地 p.1952.in their free time 在他们的空闲时间 p.1953.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒服的生活 p.19【句型学习重点】1.You used to be so kind to me. 你过去对我那么好。 P.62.It took a long time to wait for the next one. 等下
8、一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。 p.73.Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen? 陈先生，你对阳光镇很了解吗？ p.84.When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then. 当我1965年结婚时，我和我的妻子搬到两个街区以外，此后一直住在这里。 p.85.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
9、对我们来说像以前一样经常见面变得不可能。 p.86.Anyway, its good to see the amazing changes in the town. 不管怎样，能看到小镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错的。 p.87.We havent seen each other since then. p.16我们自从那时就再也没见过。8.Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years.这些年月光镇发生了许多变化。 p.19【难点解析】重要语言点讲解1.Have you seen my food?解析：此句时态是现
10、在完成时疑问形式。现在完成时由“主语+have/has +动词过去分词形式”构成。它的要义在于表达过去已经发生的事情对现在造成的某种影响，或者，强调过去发生的事情一直持续到现在的状态。1）Ive (I have) eaten it. (eatateeaten) 2）Youve changed ./ Youve changed too.For example:A: Have you studied English for ten years?B: Yes, I have. And you?A: No, I havent. B: Then how many years have you learn
11、t English?A:I have learnt it for eight years.2. Ive just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。just adv. 意为“刚才”常与完成时连用。他们刚刚到达。They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。I went to the library just now.3.You used to share food with me!你过去常与我分享食物！used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事，以前常常做某事”，表示过去的
12、习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。1)他的父母过去住在乡下。His parents used to live in the countryside.2)Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？Tom used to get up early, didnt he?/usednt he?be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事我父亲习惯晚饭后读报。My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner. be used to do 被用来做 A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。4.
13、share v. 共用；分享分享某物 share sth和某人分享某物 share sth with sb注意：share sb sth 没有这种表达方式！ 5.past n. 意为“过去”。她正在回忆过去。She is thinking of the past.past adj.意为“过去的”他病了三周了。He has been ill for the past three weeks.in the past 过去in the past few years 在过去的几年中 6.present n. 现在，目前 at presentn.礼物7.to the north of 在北面（范围之外）
14、in the north of 在北部（范围之内）on the north of 在北边（接壤）Our school is to the north of the times supermarket .我们学校在时代超市北面。Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国北部。Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东位于江苏北面。8.lonely, alone的区别：Lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely
15、.他虽然单身一人，但从不感到孤独寂寞。此外 lonely 还能作定语，表示荒凉的、偏僻的、偏远的a lonely village 一个遥远的村庄9.from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔sometimes 有时 some times 几次 sometime 某时 some time一段时间1)He feels lonely from time to time.2)He feels lonely sometimes.3)He spent some time doing his homework.10.a lot; lots of;a bit; a little;a few.1)Th
16、anks a lot.2)There are lots of birds in the tree.3)He feels a bit/a little lonely from time to time.4)There is a bit of/a little water in the cup.5)A few students are good at drawing.11.turn; turn into1)The tree turns green. (vt)2)Its your turn now. (n.)3)They turned the place into a big cinema.12.m
17、arry vt/vi marry sbmarried adj. be/get married (to sb)1)The boy will marry the pretty girl and the girl is willing to marry him.那个男孩子将会娶那个女孩子，那个女孩也愿意嫁给他。 2)She has been married to Mr.Wang.3)They are going to get married on New Years Day.13.wife wivesA thiefs wife used a knife on the shelf and half a
18、 leaf to kill a wolf. 去 f/fe为ves14.Its +adj.(easy, important, bad, nice)+for sb. to do对某人来说做是（容易的，重要的，坏的，好的）1)It is important for us to grasp a foreign language.掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的。2)It is necessary for us students to listen carefully in class.对我们学生来说上课认真听是必要的。【语法学习难点】现在完成时的用法 一、现在完成时的含义1. 表示过去已完成的动作对现在
19、产生的影响，常与“already”、“yet”、“just”等连用；e.g. He has already had breakfast.(现在饱了) 2. 也可表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与“since”自从、“for”等连用。e.g. I have lived here since I was born. 3. 表示一个过去的动作直到现在发生的次数。e.g. I have already read this book three times.二、现在完成时的构成1)现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单/复数）+have+过去分词主语（第三人称复数）+have +过去分词 主语（第
20、三人称单数）+has+过去分词 have (has) 为助动词e.g. He has already had his lunch. e.g. I have just finished my homework. 2)现在完成时的否定句 句型 主语+have/has not(havent/hasnt)+过去分词 e.g. I have not seen the movie yet. e.g. She hasnt eaten it.3)现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+？ e.g. Have you finished the work? e.g. Has she arrive
21、d here? e.g. Have they eaten supper? 三、过去分词的构成 A .规则动词的过去分词 （参照动词的过去式变化规则）B .不规则动词的过去分词（书P122-123）四、用法1：表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次数) 等连用.e.g. Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has already cleaned the blackboard. 这句话所表示强调的结果是黑板现在是干净的。(他已经擦过黑板了。)现在
22、完成时的时间副词和时间短语:1)副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. We have already finished our homework. 2)副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。e.g. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?3)用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语, e.g. I have just seen her, but I dont know where she is now .注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alrea
23、dy或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework already. I havent done my homework yet.用法2.:表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来时间状语: since, for 过去的时间点since 1990, since last year现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ago since three years ago句子（一般过去时） since I went to school e.g. He has gone to Beijing
24、 since 3 years ago.现在完成时+ for +一段时间 for three years e.g. I have studied English for ten years.【疑难题导析】1)He has never _ a pen before. A. lose B. to lose C. lost D. losing解析 答案为C。 本题主要考查现在完成时态对谓语动词的要求。现在完成时态谓语动词的结构是have (has)+ 过去分词。 本题空白处需要过去分词，这样A、B、D都不对。2) 误：The twins have not got home already.正：The
25、twins have not got home yet.解析：本题主要考查yet 与 already的用法区别，两个词都是副词，常与完成时态连用。yet 用于否定句和疑问句，提通常置于句尾；already 常用于肯定句，当用于疑问句时，表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复，不用于否定句中，它可以在主要动词之前，也可置于句末。3)Jim has been at the factory_ two years ago.A. for B. since C. before D. after解析：答案为B。 本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间,since 后跟时间段+ago，表示一段时
26、间,before 表示在什么时间之前,after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态，指自两年前以来如何，且两年前是个时间的（起）点，因此，此处应用since.4)误:I saw the film twice already.正:Ive seen the film twice already.解析； 本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。这电影我已看过两遍，说明我现在对电影内容很了解，故要用现在完成时态。5)_you _ your watch?- no,_.A. Did, find out, I didnt B. Have, found, not yetC. Have, looked
27、 for, I havent D. did, find, not yet答案选“B”。全句应用现在完成时，强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”，答语；Not yet 相当于说 I havent found it yet.6)I have never seen the film _.A. ago B. just now C. before D. later答案选“C”。 动词时态为现在完成时，与之搭配的词必须是Ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等词。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般过去时句子中，用later意思不通【专项练习】
28、一、单项选择题1.Howlonghaveyou_here? A.come B.got C.arrived D.been2.I have finished my homework _. Have you finished your homework _? A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. already, yet D. already, already3.Janehas_toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow. A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_Ilastsawher. A.aft
29、er B.since C.for D.that5. -WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry? -Iwill.I_ herseveraltimes.A.met B.havemet C.hadmet D.willmeet6.-Whatanicedress!Howlong_you_it?-Just2weeks. A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had7.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandI_friendssincewewereveryyoung. A.havemade B.havebec
30、ome C.havebeen D.haveturned8.TheSmiths_inChinafor8years. A.haslived B.lived C.havebeen D.live9.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark. A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.willgoto10.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice. A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,going二、用所给动词的适
31、当形式填空1. Shes_(live)here ever since she was ten.2. Both ofthem_(be)inHong Kongfortendays.3. Miss Wang_(teach) us English last year.4.Halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leave). 5.Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere?6._you_(find)yourwatchyet? 7.-Areyouthirsty?-No.I_just_(have)someorange.8.We_alread
32、y_(return)thebook. 9._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage? 10.I_(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_(lost)mywatchyesterday. 14. .The train_(arrive) in half an hour.15._he ever_(be) to Beijing? 参考答案一、单项选择题1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B二、用所给动词的适当形式填空. 1.lived 2.havebeen 3.taught 4.haspassed ;left 5.haslost;haveseen6.Have,found 7.have,had 8.have,returned 9.Have,built10.haventfinished 11.hasread 12.bought 13.lost14. .will arrive 15.Has been