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1、-名词解释32845-第 3 页Arbitrariness：no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound，the meaning it is associated.Allomorphs：different morphs of the same morpheme。Adaptability: language is an open system, every social change can be represented.Articulatory phonetics：a branch of phonetics that
2、 studies the production sounds from a physiological perspective.Base is the part of a word to which an affix is attached.Backformation is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real or supposed suffix.Blending is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of ex
3、isting words.Creativity：It refers to the fact language provides opportunities for sending messages never been sent before for understanding novel messages. Competence: the idea language users knowledge the rules of his language. Contrastive distribution: sounds appear in the same environment and dis
4、tinguish meaning, they are said to be contrastive distribution.Complimentary distribution: sounds are not found in the same position.Cultural transmission: language is not merely transmitted from generation to generation.Displacement: language can be spoken beyond the limitation of time, space.Duali
5、ty: language contains two subsystems, one is sound, the other is meaning.Free variation: segments appear in same position, the mutual substitution not result in change of meaning.Function: is the term used to discuss the question, but the word I often used in different senses in the literature.Inter
6、changeability: all members of a speech community can send, receive me Intonation：is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaningLinguistics: the scientific study of language.Langue: abstract system of a language shared by all members of a speech community.Language：a system of arbitrary vo
7、cal symbols used for human communication.Minimal pair: two words differ by only one sound in the same position.Minimal set: more than two words are distinguished by one segment in the same position.Morphorology：study of internal structure of words.Morpheme：smallest meaning unit of languageMood：the u
8、nique contribution by systemic-functional grammar is the observation that only a particular element of syntactic structureParole: refers to the realization of langue in actual use .Phonetics：study of speech sounds，provides methods for transcription，descriptionReflexivity: language can be used to des
9、cribe itself.Root is morpheme on which the rest of a word is builtSuprasegmental features: features are found over a segment or a sequence of two or more segments.Syntax：is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of the se
10、ntencesTransformational rules：there are deep structures，deep structures are the basic structures generated by phrase structure rulesThe bow-wow theory: sees primitive lg as an imitation of natural sounds, such as the cries of animals, like quack, cuckoo.The pooh-pooh theory: argues that lg arose from instinctive emotional cries, expressive of pain or joy. Tone：is the variation of pitch to distinguish word Word：smallest free units of language unites sounds with meaning