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1、-冠词的常见用法归纳-第 6 页冠词(教师版)一、冠词概述冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用.只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词.冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the.不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指.二、不定冠词a(an)的用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前.a用于辅音字母开始的词前;an用于元音字母开始的词前.如:a girl an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指).如:His father is a doctor. He works in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于单数可数
2、名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指).如:An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.三、定冠词the的用法 表示上文提到过的人或事物.如:He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good. 用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别.如:The panda is a rare animal.此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals. 用来表示世界
3、上独一无二的事物.如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world 用于表示阶级,党派的名词前.如:the Chinese Communist Party , the working class the proletariat 无产阶级 常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前.A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific OceanB. 用于由普通名词构成的国名:The Peoples Republic of China the Unit
4、ed StatesC. 用于机关,团体,朝代,时代,报刊杂志等名词前:the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the Peoples Dailythe Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum 用于表示方位的名词前.如:the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left 用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词.如:play the piano play the violin play erhu 用于复数
5、的姓氏前,表示两夫妇或全家,在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待. 如:When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.The Smiths watch TV every day. 用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物.如:the poor the rich the living the youngthe wounded the oppressed the beautiful 用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前.如:Shanghai is the biggest city in china.After the game, the first thi
6、ng they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.四、零冠词用法 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词.Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere. 不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词. We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than
7、hatred. 名词前有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词. I like this picture better. Is that your bookTake their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节,月份,星期等名词前,一般不用冠词.She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.The Long March
8、started in October 1934. 表示只有一人担任的职务,头衔的名词前,不用冠词.We have elected him our monitor. 三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词.When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk. 节假日等名词前,不用冠词.Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词:on the e
9、ve of National Day on the eve of New Years Day 球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词.play basketball play chess 作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词.第2/3页 Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:Of all methods, this is the most effective. 在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词.on foot by train/ boat / plane in fact
10、 as a matter of factin class in church in danger in hospital in townin bed at home at school at daybreak at sunriseat dusk at sunset at night at noon go to schoolgo to class go to bed from morning till night from victory to victory from door to door五、注意事项 当man作人类讲时,用零冠词. Man will conquer nature. 某些抽
11、象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a.surprise, fire, joy, He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China. a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人.A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside. 在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth. word 作消息讲时,用零冠词. Wor
12、d came that he would go abroad.冠词强化训练( ) 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a( ) 2.If you go by _train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure yo
13、u get _fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a( ) 4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a( ) 5.If you grow up in _l
14、arge family ,youare more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the ( ) 6.Mrs ,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th( )7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr
15、. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the ( )8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1. A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a ( )9.I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famous one. A. /,a B. a
16、,the C. /,the D. the, a ( )10.The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/ ( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel ; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a
17、 ,the D. a,/( )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off_. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices ( )13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/( )14.When he left _col
18、lege ,he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office . A. /, a B/, the C .a the D .the, the( )15The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the( )16.While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope New
19、ton made _discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a( )17.It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. A. a. the B. a, a C. the, a D. /,/( )19.Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class.A. the ,/
20、 B. a,/ C. a ,the D. /, the( )20.For a long time they walked without saying _word .Jim was the first t break _silence. A. the, a B. a ,the C. a ,/ D. the,/( )21.There was _time _I hated t go to school.A. a ,that B. a ,when C. the ,that D. the ,when ( )22.When you finish reading the book ,you will ha
21、ve _better understanding of _life., A. a, the B. the .a C. /,the D.a,/( )23.I earn 10dollars _hours as _supermarket cashier on Saturday.A. a, an B. the ,a C. an ,a D . an ,the( )24The sign reads “in ease of_fire ,break the glass and push _red button”A. /,a B. /,the C. the ,the D. a ,a ( )25.I dont l
22、ike talking on _telephone ; I prefer writing _letter.A. a, the B. the./ C. the ,the D. A ,/( )26.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. A. /, the B. /, an C. an. an D. the, the ( )27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _good knowledge of basic w
23、ord formation.A. / B the C. a D. one( )28.The cakes are delicious . Hed like have _third one because _second one is rather too small.A. a, a B. the .the C. a ,the D. the ,a ( )29.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _leg. A. a B .one C. the D. his( )30.The warmth of _sweater will of course
24、 be determined by the sort of _wool used.A. the, the B. the ,/ C. /, the D. /,/参考答案1A report 可数名词， a recent report 一份近来的报告 ，是泛指；第二个空填the 表特指示2090年。2B. by train 乘火车，by 在接交通工具类的同时，一般不接冠词，如by bike , by ship ; 根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。3B teachers 此处用名词复数表泛指，指一切老师；have a life 相当于live /lead alife 过一种、样的生活4D. leave t
25、he city 离开这座城市。a Monday 一个星期一，表泛指。5.B. a large family 一个大家庭； the ability此处表泛指“与别人相处好的能力”； others其他人表泛指。6C. have a gift for 有做、的天赋，相当于have a talent for.7.B. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车，此处ride 是可数名词，表示“搭车”。 8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship是专有名词，由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般前面要加the；with a score of 比分是9.B. a John L
26、ennon 一个叫做John Lennon的人，表泛指。10. C leave school 毕业11A. go to the hotel 去旅店 ；a bed 此处表泛指，“一个地方”12C. the price 此处表特指，“原价”。13B.此句的意思是：在讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的那种逐渐增长的分歧是这个国家一个主要担心的问题。第一个空用the 表特指；第二个空用a表泛指，泛指主要是担心问题中的一个。14.A. leave college 大学毕业16.A,make a discovery 有了一个发现；mans understanding of color人类对于颜色的理
27、解，在物主代词，名词所有格前，一般不用加冠词，man 用单数形式，前面不加冠词，可以表示“人类”。B. a world of wonders 一个充满奇迹的世界；第二个空a world 是前面的同位语，因此还依然用a表泛指“一个字型的小屋里”根据句意第二个句子应是对上文an shaped house 起同位语的用，进一步解释说明，所以还用a表泛指类别。19.B. a large collection of 一个较大的收集books 用复数此处表泛指。“一个字”；the silence 表特指此时此刻的“沉默”2.B. a time 表示一段时间，when 引导定语从句修饰a time.对、有一
28、种更好的理解。23.D. an hour 表示“每小时”；后一空中的a表示“一个”25.B. on the telephone 为固定用法，而第二个空中的letters 表示类别；26.C. airplane 为可数名词，an airplane 表示泛指，而此处的experience表示“经历”，为可数名词，an exciting experience意为“一次刺激的经历”27. C.当某些不可数抽象名词含义具体化，而被某些修饰词修饰时，前面要加不定冠词。如a betty understanding of the passage , a good knowledge of English.“又一；再一”时，前面用不定冠词修饰。29.C本题考查习惯用法，结构为动词sb+介词+the +身体的某个部位。“一种毛衣的保暖性取决于所用的羊毛的种类”，此处的the sweater 不是表示特指，而是表示种类；而第二个空中的the sort of wool =the wool ,表示特指的某种。