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1、The Grapes of Wrath,- John Steinbeck,1. Introduction 1.1 The author -John Steinbeck (1902-1968),1902, born in Salinas, California 1920, enrolled in Stanford University 1925, went to New York 1925 ,Returned to California and Started writing career 1935, won his first literary prize 1940, the Pulitzer
2、 Prize 1962, Nobel Prize for literature 1967, Went to Vietnam 1968, Passed away,Major works,1. First novel: Cup of Gold (1929) 金杯 2. Workers Trilogy: a. In Dubious Battle (1936) 胜负未决 - About the strike by migrant farm-workers b. Of Mice and Men (1937) 人鼠之间 - the mutual dependence and shared dreams o
3、f migrant farm-workers,c. The Grapes of Wrath (1939) 愤怒的葡萄 ( his masterpiece for which Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for it in 1962) 3. The Moon Is Down (1942) 月亮下去了 4. East of Garden (1952) 伊甸园以东,1.2 The novel,The novel tells a tragic story of a westward,and it was based on the background of t
4、he bankrupt of the people in the depression in American. Tom, the protagonist, with his family and Jim, the pastor, advanced to the California by an old truck, hoping that they could make a living in the California, a wealthy land. They went through all kinds of difficulties on the way to California
5、, including the breakdown of the old truck, the death of grandpa and grandma one after another, the oppression of the local people and so on. Finally they arrived in the California. However, they were still unemployed, poor, and were maltreated and ruthless exploited by the farmer in the so called “
6、paradise”California. So the whole family could only lead a hard life relied on the farms.,Tom Joad,Ma Joad,Pa Joad,Jim Casy,Al Joad,Rose of Sharon,Connie Rivers,Noah Joad,friend,son,husband,son,son,husband,Major Characters,daughter,2.Character symbols,2.1The symbol of Jim Jim Casy is a priest. JC is
7、 the first written letters of Jim Casy, which happens to be the abbreviations of Jesus Christ. “You dont know what you have done.” said Jim before he died. And on Christs dying moments, he said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are.” Comparing the two sentences, they are the sam
8、e meaning. When Jim first met Tom, he said, “The Holy Spirit asks me to guide you, but where on earth lead you to, I dont know.” All these things imply that Jim is the symbol of Christ. Just like Christ who leads the Twelve Apostles to Long Pilgrimages to help people get rid of tribulation, Jim lead
9、 those internally displaced people toward California, a place thought to be full of hope and wealthy. Ultimately, he dedicate for them. This behavior embodies the devotion of Jesus Christ to save people.,2.2 The symbol of Tom Joad Tom is the nickname of Thomas, which is one of the Twelve Apostles. T
10、here happen to be twelve members in Toms family, which means that they are the symbols of the Twelve Apostles. Tom hit the police bravely after Jim was killed by the police. After that, he thought what Jim had said to him again and again. Finally he got the meaning of “A man does not have its own so
11、ul, only a part of the soul.” and left his family because he was afraid he would get them into trouble.,2.3 The symbol of Toms mother,Another extremely unique character is Toms mother. She appeared as ordinary peasant women in the beginning of the novel. By the leading of Minister Jim and under the
12、force of the harsh reality, she jumped out of the circle, shining the brightness of the virgin. The good virtue of honest working women appeared on her. On the way to the California, she helped Casey when everybody was facing unsteady waters; she shared her food with the poor children, even her fami
13、ly could not have enough to eat; and she is still a spirit guide in her family because she guided Tom to read the Bible when he was in confusion. Therefore, Tom mother turned into a great mother of concerning the whole labor class. She is regarded as the incarnation of goddess.,2.4 The symbol of Ros
14、e of Sharon,Rose of Sharonfrom a “hoyden”a high-spirited and saucy girlinto a secretive and mysterious woman. Childish and dreamy teenage daughter who develops as the novel progresses to become a mature woman. She symbolizes regrowth when she helps the starving stranger.,2.5 The symbol of Toms grand
15、pa,Pa Joadpatriarch, hardworking sharecropper and family man Ma Joads husband and Toms father. A plainspoken, good-hearted man, Pa directs the effort to take the family to California, though he sometimes feels ashamed of his weaker position.,3.1 The symbol of grapes,Grapes in the Old Testament Numbe
16、rs symbolize the abundance and hope.In the Old Testament .Deuteronomy, it symbolizes bitter, and in the New Testament . Revelation, it contacts with anger. The writer puts the containing meaning of grape into this novel. In the 30s in American, the modern industrialized farming makes the bankruptcy
17、farmers homeless. So these people regard California that abounds in grapes as land of covenant. The grapes symbolize their dreams of a new life and the hope of making a living. But when they arrived at the California, most of them could not find jobs, but were oppressed by the employers and the poli
18、ces. Under the circumstances, the symbol of grapes turn into bitter and anger. So the grapes are the symbol of abundance and hope, bitter and anger.,3.2 The symbol of wild flower,小说结尾处被露西发现的路旁的那棵瘦瘦的野生天竺葵也寄予了斯坦贝克美好的希望。连绵大雨后，瘦瘦的天竺葵上竟奇迹般地还有一朵遭过雨打的花，它的花瓣“活象一颗鲜红的小鸡心”这朵幸存的野花象征了难民们顽强的原 始生命活力，而露西和温菲尔德在雨中就着这
19、朵野花天真地嬉戏的情景喻示着这些经过苦难磨砺的乐观孩子能看到美好的前景，他们未来的生活充满希望。,3.3 The symbol of dust,At the beginning of the novel, the dust was flying everywhere, and devoured the creatures, devoured the light, it is a symbol of evil forces. The evil force on one hand is hostile to the poor natural environment. Because of the
20、years of drought, whirling dust everywhere, the land was destroyed, it brings the farmers unprecedented trial and suffering. On the other hand, it also represents a lot of big banks and large enterprise. In order to obtain more profits, they used tractor forced the tenants out from their land to liv
21、e on.,3.4 The symbol of tortoise,This stubborn and determined turtle-a Joad pet, reminds us of the stubborn and determined ways of the Joad family and other migrant worker families who persevere even after being kicked off of their farms, cheated by used car salesmen and merchants, and set back by sickness and loss. The turtle accepts the challenges that come his way, but he never forgets where he is going.,4. Conclusion,即使我们不幸地成为失败者，那又怎样，生活还不是在继续前行，前方还有多少美丽的风景在默默地等着我们,Thank you!,