D秦荻辉的文件夹网络学院科技英语3xp.ppt
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1、,第三章 否定、被动语态、 比较等级,主讲:秦荻辉 教授,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定,1、全否定:,一般要用“none,no,neither”来表示,意为 都;均。,普通的窗户均承受(withstand)不了这么大的力。,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定,1、全否定:,一般要用“none,no,neither”来表示,意为 都;均。,None of the ordinary windows = No ordinary windows can withstand so large a force.,西安电子科技大学,2、部分否定:,一般用“all,both, every”+ not 来表示,意
2、为 并非都。,This parameter(参数)does not change during all time intervals.,Eq. (1 5) cannot be satisfied by all values of x.,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定,3、否定的转移,(1)主句中有表示“相信”、“认为”等臆想动词否定式时,一般汉译时否定在从句中。(在科技文中不常见),西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定,not +,think feel suppose believe imagine,+ that 从句,They dont think that this answer to the
3、problem is right .,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,(2),appear seem happen,的否定式 +,主语从句 动词不定式,It does not appear that this value satisfies the equation.,This computer does not seem to be so good as that one.,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,This disease does not affect most animals as it does humans.,These layers(层)
4、are not “stretched”(能拉伸的)as a rubber sheet would be.,(3) 主句中有not no, rather than, instead of + as 从句或短语(或the way ):,译成“并不像那样”。,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,The presence of the minus sign indicates that the current of 1.5 A flows from C to F, and not from F to C as shown.,The HIGH-level output voltages f
5、or both OR and NOR are between 0.81 and 0.96 V rather than 0.8 V, as predicted(预计)by Eq. (2 9).,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,The majority of distance communication in the future could well be computer-to-computer, not person-to-person as at present.,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,The Maxwell relations(关系式)are
6、 not modified(修正)by relativity(相对论)as Newtons relations are when particle(质点)velocities approach the speed of light .,西安电子科技大学,3.1 否定, 3、否定的转移,1、带有双宾语动词(tell, inform, convince, give, assign, deny等等)的被动语态(在谓语后存在一个“保留宾语”),In this case some of the users will be denied(拒绝给予)permission(允许).,Each of the u
7、sers has been assigned a frequency band .,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,We are told by Ohms law that the current in a circuit is proportional to the applied voltage .,If the reader is not convinced that P is a maximum when R = r, he should verify it by the used (惯常的)calculus(微积分)method .,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,In
8、1858 Darwin(达尔文)was sent a scientific paper by a man called Alfred Wallace.,A thorough exposition is accorded principles of a computer in this book.,We are given that the coefficient of sliding friction(滑动摩擦)between box and floor is .,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,2、“不及物动词+介词”= “及物动词”的被动语态,Electronic radar sys
9、tems are relied on for a safe flight from one airport to another.,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,In this case the work done is accounted for by an increase in potential energy.,This topic will be dealt with in the next chapter.,Actually, this result could have been arrived at intuitively(直观地).,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语
10、态,3、“及物动词+名词+介词”=“及物动词”(make use of, pay attention to, take care of, make mention of等等)的被动语态,Full use must be made of the computers available.,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,注意:这里并不是“be made of 由制成”这一词组的含义。而是“make full use of ”的被动形式。,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,The computers available must be made full use of.,Use is ma
11、de of this characteristic(特 性)in feedback(反馈)amplifier design.,The protective(保护的)resistance should be made use of in the usual way.,又如:,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,In the quantum(量子)theory of the atom no use is made of these models.,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,必须充分利用现有的设备。(要求使用“make use of”的被动形式),*汉译英:,西安电子科技大学,3. 2
12、 被动语态,Full use must be made of the devices available.,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,4、由“,get become remain appear come,+ 过去分词”构成的被动句(强调状态),The energy that is stored in the inductor(电感器)and capacitor eventually(最终)gets dissipated(消耗)by the resistor.,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,The air throughout the room becomes heated
13、by convection currents(对流的气流).,The gate(门电路)will remain closed by the low input until the clock pulse arrives.,This system can come equipped with a radio frequency wireless keyboard and mouse (optional). 备有,西安电子科技大学,3. 2 被动语态,5、科技文中不能有被动形式、不得用过去分词作定语的常见情况,(1)不及物动词,the resulting equation; the existin
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