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1、,Unit 3: Text A,An Uplifting Power By Tony Blair 1. “Sport has the power to change the world, the power to inspire, the power to unite people in a way that little else can. Sport can create hope . It is an instrument for peace.”,Unit 3: Text A,振奋人心的力量 1. “体育运动具有改变世界的力量，其激励人心、团结众人的力量，在某种程度上难有匹敌。体育运动能
2、创造希望它是争取和平的手段。”,Unit 3: Text A,2-1. When a man like Nelson Mandela looks back over his life and, against the backdrop of all that he had to endure, pinpoints sport as a unique force for good, we should sit up and take notice. During his 27 years in captivity, mainly on Robben Island, sport helped su
3、stain the spirits of Mandela and his fellow inmates. And not any sport.,for good 永久地；一劳永逸地,Unit 3: Text A,2-1. 当纳尔逊曼德拉这样的人土回顾生平，讲述他曾遭遇的一切，明确指出体育运动永远是一种独特的力量时，我们应该对此表示关注。在他27年的铁窗生活中(主要关押在罗本岛)，体育运动支撑着他和难友们的精神。当然，并非什么运动都可以。,Unit 3: Text A,2-2. The prisoners turned to rugby, the game that more than any
4、other embodied white South Africa. Then, in 1995, as the new President of South Africa, Mandela, handed the Rugby World Cup trophy to the captain of the victorious Springboks, Francois Pienaar. In a single moment a divided and fractured nation was united.,Unit 3: Text A,2-2. 曼德拉和难友们选择了橄榄球一种比任何其他运动都更
5、能代表白人统治下的南非的体育项目。后来，在1995年，身为南非新总统的曼德拉把橄榄球世界杯的奖杯交到胜出的跳羚队队长弗朗索瓦皮埃纳的手中。这一瞬间，一个破碎的、四分五裂的国家团结了起来。,Unit 3: Text A,3-1. For me, events like these confirm how sport can and must play a wider role in our societies. Sports economic power is now well established, global and growing. Each week from August to M
6、ay the Premier League in England is watched by nearly 100 million people, turning players and teams into heroes and role models. In Sierra Leone recently, I saw kids playing football everywhere, proudly wearing their Manchester United and Arsenal shirts.,Unit 3: Text A,3-1.在我看来，此类事例向我证实了体育如何能够且必须在我们
7、的社会中发挥更大的作用。体育运动的经济力量已经牢 固确立，遍布全球，且方兴未艾。从8月到次年5月的每个星期里，大约有近亿人收看英超联赛，这使许多球员和球队成 了人们心目中的英雄和榜样。最近在塞拉利昂，我到处都能看到孩子们在踢足球，他们得意地穿着曼联队和阿森纳队的球衣。,Unit 3: Text A,3-2. American leagues, which have been traditionally insular, are venturing outside their geographic borders to stage games in Europe and Asia. Cities
8、 make huge efforts when bidding to stage major sporting events, not just for their commercial worth but for the long-term social benefits that are the legacy of such events. I am convinced the 2012 Olympic Games will regenerate East London and inspire an entire generation of children.,Unit 3: Text A
9、,3-2.一向不爱迈出国门的美国联队如今也正尝试着在其地域之外的欧洲和亚洲举行比赛。很多城市在争取举办大型体育赛事时全力以赴，这并非只图其商业价值，也是为了此类赛事留下的长远的社会效益。我相信2012年奥林匹克运动会将振兴东伦敦，鼓舞整整一代青少年。,Unit 3: Text A,4. But this isnt just a question of economics. Sport has enduring qualities. It shows us how to participate in something that is bigger than ourselves, and tea
10、ches us how to demonstrate respect for teammates and opponents. It helps us learn how to win with humility and lose with grace; how to set a goal and fulfill it. Sport brings people together; the self-worth and self-belief that it teaches are values that can last a lifetime.,Unit 3: Text A,4. 可见，体育运
11、动不仅仅是个经济问题。体育运动具有一种恒久的品质。它向我们表明如何参与到比我们自身更具意义的事情中去，教导我们如何向队友和对手表示尊敬。它帮助我们学会如何胜不骄，败不馁，如何树立目标并实现它。体育运动让人们走到一起，它所传递出的自尊和自信是得以享用终身的价值观。,Unit 3: Text A,5-1. And sport can do even more. In a recent survey taken by UK Sport and TNS Sport, 78% of the British public agreed that sport and active recreation ca
12、n help to tackle social problems while 73% believed it can reduce crime.,Unit 3: Text A,5-1. 体育运动的作用还有很多。在“英国体育”和“TNS体育”公司最近所做的调查中，78的英国公众认为体育活动和积极的娱乐消遣有助于解决社会问题，73的人则认为体育可以减少犯罪。,Unit 3: Text A,5-2. Watching a junior school tennis tournament recently in the northeast of England, sponsored by the fou
13、ndation I set up to promote grass-roots sport, I was struck by two things: it was the first opportunity for many of these children to play tennis, and they were loving it. Sport liberates potential not just physically but psychologically, too.,Unit 3: Text A,5-2.不久前，我在英格兰东北部观看了一场小学网球赛(此赛事是由我所创立的一个旨在
14、促进基层体育运动的基金会所赞助的)，有两件事使我深有感触：许多小朋友第一次有机会打网球，并且他们喜欢上了它。体育运动释放潜能无论是身体上的还是心理上的。,Unit 3: Text A,6-1. The really big question now is whether sport can achieve good on a scale previously unimagined. I think it can. Consider some of the projects already in progress that are having a significant impact. The
15、 Homeless World Cup has inspired nearly 50 grass-roots football projects around the world, working with homeless and excluded people.,Unit 3: Text A,6-1.真正重要的问题是体育能否在以往从未想象过的范围内取得良好的效果。我觉得可 以。想想那些已经在运行并正取得巨大影响的项目吧。流浪汉世界杯与一些无家可归、备受冷落的人携手，在全世界已促成了近50个基层足球活动项目。,Unit 3: Text A,6-2. Most of the players e
16、ach year change their lives for the better, by coming off drugs and alcohol, moving into jobs reuniting with their families, and even going on to become players and coaches for football teams.,Unit 3: Text A,6-2. 绝大多数参与者的生活逐年好转，他们不再吸毒、酗酒，而是参加工作，重回家庭，有的甚至在完成这些赛事后成为足球队的队员和教练。,Unit 3: Text A,7. A new g
17、lobal initiative whose board I will chair will draw together the most inspirational people, projects and organizations in sport. Beyond Sport will celebrate their achievements, identify why they succeed, and use them to inspire others. The Beyond Sport Awards will recognize and reward those individu
18、als, projects and organizations that have created positive social change through sport.,Unit 3: Text A,7. 一个将由我担任主席的新的全球性倡议将把体育界最具有鼓舞作用的个人、项目和机构聚集到一起。“超越体育”将颂扬他们的成就，找出他们成功的原因并以此激励他人。“超越体育奖将表彰并奖励那些通过体育运动带来积极社会变化的个人、项目和机构。,Unit 3: Text A,7-2. Our message will be championed by our ambassadors from spor
19、ting heroes like Lucas Radebe, South Africas most capped footballer and Lord Sebastian Coe, London 2012 chairman, to media visionaries such as American Idol creator Simon Fuller. Through the UNICEF Child Rights Award, Beyond Sport will recognize the vital role that sport can play in helping to fulfi
20、ll childrens rights, as laid out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.,Unit 3: Text A,7-2.我们的宗旨将得到我们的代表人物的支持与拥护，他们包括体育名流，如入 选南非国家足球队次数最多的球员卢卡斯拉德贝、伦敦2012年奥林匹克运动会主席塞巴斯蒂安科勋爵，以及富有远见的媒体人，如美国偶像节目的创始人西蒙富勒。通过联合国儿童基金会的儿童权利奖，“超越体育还将确认体育运动在帮助儿童实现联合国儿童权利公约所阐明的权利方面所发挥的重要作用。,Unit 3: Text A,
21、8. We all have much to learn from the great programs and projects running all over the world. Now is the time to make heroes of individuals and organizations that use sport to really make a difference. Now is the time for sport to show how much it can achieve beyond sport. (769 words),Unit 3: Text A
22、,8.我们大家会从世界各地正在进行的各大方案和项目中学到很多东西。现在正是把那些通过体育运动而真正有所作为的人士和组织造就成英雄的时刻，也是体育运动表明它在体育之外能取得何等功效的时刻。,Unit 3: Text B,The Amateur Ideal By David Brooks 1. The 1910s and 1920s were the golden age of the amateur ideal. On the golf courses, Bobby Jones, the greatest amateur golfer of all time, won a string of m
23、ajor championships.,Unit 3: Text B,业余运动的理想,1. 20世纪初的前20年是一个黄金时代，它见证了业余运动的理想。在高尔夫球场 上，鲍比琼斯，有史以来最伟大的业余高尔夫球手，赢得了一连串的重大比赛。,Unit 3: Text B,2. He served as a moral model as well. In the 1925 U.S. Open, by accident he pushed his ball while setting up for a shot. He asked the marshals and members of the gal
24、lery if they had noticed. None had. Nevertheless, he asked for himself a two-stroke penalty, which cost him the tournament as he lost by one stroke. When praised for his sense of fairness, Jones replied, “You may as well praise a man for not robbing a bank.”,Unit 3: Text B,2. 同时他还是道德上的楷模。在1925年的美国公开
25、赛上，他在准备发球的时候不小心推了一下球。他问裁判和观众是否有人注意到。结果没有人看到。可是，他还是主动要求罚球两杆，后来他以一杆之差输掉了这场锦标赛。当人们称赞他是一个公正的选手时，琼斯谦虚地说：“您是否会因为一个人没有抢银行而称赞他呢?,Unit 3: Text B,3. At Princeton, Hobey Baker was the shining star of college sports, dominating in both football and hockey. He was also famous for his sportsmanship. He had only o
26、ne penalty called on him his entire college hockey career. After each game, he went to the opposing locker room to thank his opponents for a good match. He was highly modest when people spoke of his victories.,Unit 3: Text B,3.在普林斯顿大学，霍比贝克是大学运动场上耀眼的明星，他在足球和曲棍球上都具有很强的实力。同时他的体育他的体育精神也为人称道。在整个大学曲棍球运动生涯
27、中他只受到过一次判罚。每次比赛结束后，他都会跑到对手的更衣室去感谢他们打出了一场精彩的比赛。当人们谈到他所获得的胜利时，他总是非常谦逊。,Unit 3: Text B,4. There were two sides to the amateur ideal. On the one hand, it was meant to serve as a restraint on some of the more brutal forces of the day. Social Darwinism was in full flower, with its stress on cruel competit
28、ion and survival of the fittest. Capitalism was rough and raw. The amateur ideal was a restraining code that emphasized fair play and honor. It held that those born with special gifts have a special responsibility to stick to a chivalric code. The idea was to make sport a part of the nations moral e
29、ducation.,Unit 3: Text B,4.业余运动的理想包含两个方面。一方面，它意在作为一种约束力制约现代社会中一些越来越冷酷的因素。社会达尔文主义已经发展到了登峰造极的地步，强调残酷的竞争和适者生存。资本主义野蛮粗暴，缺乏公平。业余运动的理想是强调公平竞争与荣誉的准则，带有制约性。这种理想使人们相信那些天赋异禀的人有责任去坚守骑士准则。坚守业余运动的理想意在使运动成为国家道德教育的一部分。,Unit 3: Text B,5. On the other hand, the amateur code was exclusive. It was designed to separate
30、 the wealthy sports from the working-class sports, to create an advanced arena that only the well-mannered and upper class could enter.,Unit 3: Text B,5.另一方面，业余运动具有排他性。它的目的在于把上层社会的运动与工人阶级的运动区分开来，打造出一个只有那些有教养的和上层社会的人们才能进入的高级竞技场所。,Unit 3: Text B,6. Todays left-leaning historians generally criticize th
31、e amateur ideal for its snobbery and the insincerity it caused. The movie Chariots of Fire spread their criticism. In the film, the supporters of the amateur ideal are snobbish, extremely conservative people who hate Jews. The heroes are openly commercial and practical. Modern and free-thinking, the
32、y pay people so they can win. Thus did the left-wing criticism welcome the companies domination of sport.,Unit 3: Text B,6.业余运动的理想有其势利的一面，也暴露了一些人的伪善，因此今天的左倾历史学家们基本上都对它持批评的态度。电影烈火战车使这种批评的传播范围变得更广。影片中，支持业余运动理想的人都是势利的、极其保守的反犹者。主角们毫无掩饰他们追求商业价值和实际利益的心态。作为现代拥有自由思想的人，他们用金钱来换取胜利。这也是为什么左翼评论家欢迎公司主导体育运动的原因。,Un
33、it 3: Text B,7. Over the decades, the word amateur changed its meaning. It used to convey a moral feeling, but now it conveys an economic one: not getting paid. As many universities have lost confidence in their ability to introduce character, the moral mission of the university has gradually faded
34、away.,Unit 3: Text B,7.在过去的几十年里，业余运动的概念发生了改变。以前它传达的是一种道德感，但现在它体现的是一种经济意义：没有报酬。因为许多大学对自己塑造高尚品质的能力失去了信心，大学的道德使命已经逐渐消失。,Unit 3: Text B,8. The pursuits for business interests and professional achievements have filled the emptiness. Taylor Branchs wonderful cover article in the current issue of The Atlan
35、tic, “The Shame of College Sports,” shows how financial matters have come to dominate college sports. Everybody makes money except the players. College football coaches at public universities make more than $2 million on average, according to the article, and even assistant coaches sometimes make ne
36、arly $1 million.,Unit 3: Text B,8. 对商业利益和专业成绩的追求已经填补了这一空白。泰勒布兰奇在本期大西洋月刊上刊登的精彩的封面文章大学运动之耻揭示了经济因素如何控制支配大学体育运动。每个人都在赚钱，除了运动员。文章报道，在公立大学任教的大学足球教练平均收入高达200多万美元，甚至助理教练有时也能有将近100万美元的收入。,Unit 3: Text B,9. Quarterback Cam Newton was investigated for disobeying the amateur rules. Meanwhile, there were at leas
37、t 15 companies logos on the uniform he wore every week. A.J. Green, who had more companies logos on his sportswear, was punished for selling it. While he was required to stop participating the games for a period of time, the school continued selling reproductions of his No. 8 sportswear for $39.95 a
38、nd up.,Unit 3: Text B,9. 四分卫卡梅隆牛顿因违反业余运动规则而接受调查。同时，在他每周都穿的球衣上最少印有15个公司的商标。AJ格林的队服上印了更多公司的商标，他也因为销售自己的球衣而受到惩罚。在他被罚禁赛期间，学校仍然在以每件3995美元甚至更高的价格出售他8号球衣的复制品。,Unit 3: Text B,10. Branch shows the cruel ways the NCAA and its member schools protect and advance their financial interests. For example, one of th
39、e reasons schools fight to keep the student-athlete tag on their players is to keep from having to pay workmans compensation if they get hurt. Kent Waldrep, a running back, was injured and could not feel his body while playing for Texas Christian. He sued to get some compensation for his sacrifice f
40、or the university. TCU fought him in court and won.,Unit 3: Text B,10. 布兰奇揭露了美国大学体育总会及其下属院校保护和扩大他们经济利益的残酷方式。例如，很多学校坚持保持运动员的学生身份，原因之一就是如果学生受伤了，学校不需要支付工伤赔偿。肯特沃尔德里普是一名跑卫，他在代表德克萨斯基督教会大学打球的时候受伤，身体失去了知觉。他向法院提起诉讼，要求校方为自己对学校做出的牺牲给予赔偿。德克萨斯基督教会大学应诉并赢得了这桩官司。,Unit 3: Text B,11. Branch concludes that it is time
41、to give up on the amateur code entirely. Pay the players and get over it. At this late date, he may be right, but there are two concerns.,Unit 3: Text B,11. 布兰奇最后总结说，是时候完全放弃业余运动的规则了。支付运动员薪酬，使一切都得到解决。在这个时代，他也许是对的，但我们仍然有两件事需要考虑。,Unit 3: Text B,12. The first is practical. How exactly would you pay them
42、? Would the stars get millions while the rest get hardly nothing? Would you pay the wrestling team, or any of the female athletes? Only 7 percent of Division I athletic programs make money, according to the NCAA; where would the salary dollars come from?,Unit 3: Text B,12. 第一件事比较实际。到底该怎么给他们支付报酬呢?体育明
43、星们可以获得几百万美元而其他人则几乎没有收入吗? 你会给苦苦挣扎的队伍发工资吗，还有那些女运动员又该如何?根据美国大学体育总会的数据，第一级运动项目只有7是盈利的，发工资的钱又从何而来?,Unit 3: Text B,13-1. The other is moral and cultural. A competitive society requires a set of social institutions that restrain naked self-interest and shortsighted greed. The amateur ideal, though faded an
44、d worn, still has some restraints. It forces athletes, tempted by Michael Jordan fantasies, to at least think of themselves partly as students.,Unit 3: Text B,13-1. 第二件事与道德和文化有关。在一个充满竞争的社会里，我们需要有一套社会秩序来制约赤裸裸的私欲和毫无远见的贪婪。业余运动的理想，尽管已经褪色，破旧不堪，却仍然有它的约束力。它至少能让那些为迈克尔乔丹的辉煌所吸引的运动员们想到，他们的身份还是学生。,Unit 3: Text
45、B,13-2. It forces coaches, a crazily competitive group, to pay respect to academic pursuits. College basketball is more exciting than professional basketball because the game is still stirred by amateur passions, not coldly calculating professional interests.,Unit 3: Text B,13-2 . 它还能让追求疯狂竞争的教练们重视学术
46、追求。大学篮球赛比职业篮球赛更让人激动，其原因就在于这种比赛仍然因人们对业余运动的热爱而起，而不是冷酷地算计能获得多少职业利益。,Unit 3: Text B,14. The commercial spirit is strong these days. But people seem to do best when they have to wrestle between commercial interests and value systems that offset them. The remaining traces of the amateur ideal are worth preserving. (856 words),Unit 3: Text B,14. 虽然目前商业精神非常强劲，但是，在权衡商业利益和抵销它的价值体系的过程中，人们似乎在尽其所能。仅存的业余运动的理想值得我们去呵护。,