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1、Literary Genres,文学体裁,What is Genre? Genre - a category, in literature or other media, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. For example, science fiction and fantasy are two different genres in literature.,Why recognizing genres is important?,On the simplest level, grouping
2、 works offers us an orderly way to talk about an otherwise bewildering number of literary texts. More importantly, if we recognize the genre of a text, we may also have a better idea of its intended overall structure and subject / main idea. Finally, a genre approach can deepen our sense of the valu
3、e of any single text, by allowing us to view it comparatively, alongside many other texts of its type.,All categories of books or stories can be called either fiction or non-fiction.,Fiction a made up story can tell about things that could happen is read for fun characters may be like real people or
4、 imaginary,Non-Fiction has facts that can be checked and proven the author is an expert on this information it IS TRUE!,Can you classify the following genres into two categories, namely, fiction and non-fiction?,adventure, biography/autobiography, drama, essay, fable, fairy tale, fantasy, folklore,
5、historical fiction, horror, humor, informational, legend, mystery, mythology, narrative nonfiction, poetry, realistic fiction, romance, science fiction, short story, speech, tall tale, thriller,Adventure Drama Fable Fairy Tale Fantasy Folklore Historical Fiction Horror Humor Legend,Mystery Mythology
6、 Poetry Realistic Fiction Romance Science Fiction Short Story Tall Tale Thriller,Fiction,Non-Fiction,Biography/Autobiography Essay Narrative Nonfiction Informational (science, sports, history, economy, etc.) Speech,Fiction,Adventure Stories featuring physical action often around a mission usually in
7、volving killing and robbing. Many times set in forbidding locales such as jungles, deserts, or mountains. e.g. Robinson Crusoe Moby Dick,Drama,Stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action. e.g. the four
8、tragedies by W. Shakespeare: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear,Fable,Narration demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary, supernatural tale. e.g. Aesops Fables,Story about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children. e.g. Fairytales written b
9、y Grimm brothers Fairytales written by Hans C. Anderson,Fairy Tale,Fantasy,Fiction with strange or other worldly settings or characters; using magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting. e.g. The Lord of the Rings The Harry Potter Series Twilight The C
10、hronicles of Narnia,Folklore,The songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a people or folk as handed down by word of mouth. e.g. Robin Hood Merlin http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_folklore,Story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. e.g. A Tale of Two Cities The Three Musket
11、eers Little Women (by Louisa May Alcott, set in 1863 during the American Civil War),Historical Fiction,Horror,Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader. e.g. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Edgar Allan Poes short stories Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hy
12、de by Robert Louis Stevenson The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde Dracula by Bram,Humor,Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement, meant to entertain; but can be contained in all genres. e.g. Tom And Jerry The Ice Age,Legend,Story, sometimes of a national or folk hero, which has a basis in fac
13、t but also includes imaginative material. e.g. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving Robin Hood King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Helen of Troy and the Trojan War Odysseus,Fiction dealing with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets. It is often used as a synonym
14、 for detective fiction, crime fiction or thriller. e.g. Rebecca The Day of the Jackal The Thirty-nine Steps The Collected Sherlock Holmes Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Agatha Christies detective series,Mystery / Thriller,Mythology,Legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on his
15、torical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods. e.g. The Roman Mythology The Greek Mythology,Poetry,Verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that creates emotional responses. e.g. the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Ody
16、ssey Shakespeares sonnets poets: Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Alfred Tennyson, John Donne, Ben Jonson, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walt Whitman, William Bulter Yeats, John Keats, John Milton, Edmund Spencer,Story that can actually happen and is true to life. e.g. Charles Dickens Mark Twain Jane Austen,Re
17、alistic Fiction,Romance,Stories featuring the mutual attraction and love of a man and a woman as the main plot, and have a happy ending. e.g. Pride and Prejudice Romeo and Juliet Jane Eyre Gone with the Wind,Science Fiction,Story based on impact of actual, imagined, or potential science, usually set
18、 in the future or on other planets. e.g. Jurassic Park 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne The Time Machine by H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells Frankenstein by Mary Shelley I, Robot by Isaac Asimov Bicentennial Man by Isaac As
19、imov,Fiction of such brevity that it supports no subplots. e.g. The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights) Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Rip van Winkle by Washington Irving The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving The Collected Sherlock Holmes Short Stories Fairytales written by
20、 Grimm Brothers The Gift of the Magi by OHenry,Short Story,Tall Tale,Humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with nonchalance. (A Tall Tale: John Henry),Thriller / Mystery,Story using suspense, tension, and excitement as the main elements, climaxing when th
21、e hero finally defeats the villain, saving his own life and often the lives of others. e.g. The Count of Monte Cristo The Da Vinci Code The James Bond Series The Jason Bourne Series The Hunger Games Trilogy The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo,Non-Fiction,Biography/Autobiography Narrative of a persons li
22、fe, a true story about a real person. e.g. The Story of My Life by Helen Keller The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin My Life by Bill Clinton Living History by Hillary Clinton Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Essay,A short literary composition that reflects the authors outlook or point. e.g. Of
23、 Studies by Francis Bacon ,Narrative Nonfiction: Factual information presented in a format which tells a story. Informational (science, sports, history, economy, etc.): Informational text dealing with an actual, real-life subject.,Speech Public address or discourse. (video) http:/www.quoteworld.org/
24、speeches/ (text),Martin Luther King “I have a dream” Winston Churchill “We shall fight them on the beaches” Winston Churchill “Blood Sweat and Tears” President Kennedy “Man on the moon” General MacArthur “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away” American Declaration of Independence Eulogy to Dia
25、na Princess of Wales Colonel Tim Collins “Magnanimous in Victory” Lincolns Gettysburg Address ,Word Formation: Adj. suffixes,(n.+) -ous: full of, having ,e.g. dangerous: full of danger victorious: having victory It is such a voluminous report that I am tired of reading it. She welcomed her guests in
26、 a gracious manner. Their dining room is very spacious.,e.g. foolish: being in the nature of a fool childish: having the nature of a child They made a devilish plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. He has a rather womanish manner. She brought a coat with reddish f
27、ur.,(n.+) -ish: being in / having the nature of ,e.g. friendly: being friends lively: full of life We spent a heavenly day at the beach. He has a very brotherly manner towards the little boys. To run away at the first sight of danger is a cowardly action. I was determined on taking her away from tha
28、t ungodly surroundings.,(n.+) -ly: having / being ,e.g. musical: of music economical: of economy He drinks this medical tea for medicinal purposes. This French entomologist is noted for behavioral studies of insects. True love is unconditional.,(n.+) al / -ical: having the nature of ,e.g. wooden: of wood golden: of gold We have to wear woolen clothes in the cold winter. Those earthen pots are made by the skilled man. His ashen face showed how shocked he was.,(n. +) en: of , having ,