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1、大学英语,College English,英 语 语 法,从句 非谓语动词 虚拟语气 主谓一致 时态与语态 强调和倒装,非谓语动词,非谓语 动词,不定式（to do）,分词,动名词（-ing）,过去分词（-ed）,现在分词（-ing）,不定式的语法功能,动词不定式的构成： （to）+ do 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征； 否定式： not + （to） do,不定式的时态和语态,1一般式： 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。 Its nice to meet you. He wants to be a physicist We plan to pay a
2、 visit to the Leaning Tower of Pisa.,2进行式： 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 The boy pretended to be studying seriously. She seems to be reading in his room.,3完成式： 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I happened to have seen the opera. He is pleased to have met his old classmates.,不定式的语法功能,作主语 作表语 作宾语 作宾语补足语 作定语 作状语,主
3、语,To finish the task in a week is very hard. 一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。,主 语,动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后。,It is very hard to finish the task in a week. 一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。,主 语,It + be + 名词 + to do It takes sb. + some tim
4、e + to do It + be +形容词 + of sb. + to do,It took me only a month to complete the project. It is very difficult for me to finish the report overnight. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.,表 语,My work is to clean the washing room every day. His ideal is to be a top engineer. He appears to
5、 have caught a cold.,宾 语,宾 语,afford（负担得起）， agree（同意），dare（敢于），decide（决定），happen（碰巧），hesitate（犹豫），fail（不能），guarantee（保证），tend（倾向），manage（设法），pretend（假装），offer（提供），plan（计划）,He offered to help me. The student failed to pass the exam. I really cantaffordto see this company go bankruptcy. Iguaranteeto fu
6、lfill the task. Wemanagetoget most of our produce in Britain.,注意事项 1,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。,Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given. All of us think it urgent to implement economic
7、reform.,注意事项 2,动词+疑问词+不定式 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等。,Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? My mother showed me how to prepare meals. He gave us some advice on how to learn computer.,注意事项 3,动词+宾语+不定式 不定式可以做宾语补足语,The officer ordered his soldiers to fi
8、re. Father will not allow us to play on the street. Ihavenochoicebuttobelieve what youre saying. Ihavenochoicebuttodoashetellsme.,定 语,定 语,通常放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。,I have a lot of work to do. I have a meeting to attend. She found a comfortable house to live in. Thatsthethingtoworryabout.,备注：所修饰的名词如果是地
9、点、工具等，应有必要的介词,Itisagreatplacetolive. This is the best way to work out this problem. Letspracticenow.Itsthebestwaytolearn.,备注：如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词。,状 语,状 语,表目的 表结果 表原因 表程度,作目的状语,常用结构： to do, only to, in order to, so as to do, so（such） as to,He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come h
10、ere only to say good-bye to you. He worked day and night in order to get the money.,To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.,备注：注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。,n. 方法，手段,作结果
11、状语,常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to引导。,I awoke to find my luggage gone. I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He searched the room to find nothing.,作原因状语,She smiled to see the students so happy. She smiled because she saw the students so happy. They were very
12、 sad to hear the news. They were very sad because they heard the news.,状 语,表目的 表结果 表原因 表程度,省略to 的不定式,cannot but（只得） cannot help but（不得不，只得） had better（最好还是） had rather（宁愿） would rather（宁愿） would sooner（宁愿） may（just） as well（还是.的好） must （just）as well（幸好） rather than（而不是） why not（为什么不） would you pleas
13、e（请您.） help sb. （to）do sth.,Icannotbutadmireyourbravery. I cannot help but think thatis very important. Theyhadbetterthinkagain. Iwould rathersleep than watch this movie.,This promotes empathy rather than resentment. Whynoteatmorefruits? Wouldyoupleasefilloutadeposit slip? Couldyouhelp me find an ap
14、artment?,n. 同情,n. 憎恨,填写,存款单,省略to 的不定式,do nothing / anything / everything.but / except结构不带to。,Last night I did nothing but watch TV. I have done nothing except do what I should. LasteveningIdidnothingbutrepairmy farmtools.,省略to 的不定式,当谓语动词是感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel,
15、 find和使役动词let, have, make时，作宾语补语的不定式可以省去to。如果这些动词为被动形式，则要保留to。,I heard him lock the door. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night.,不定式的语法功能,动词不定式的构成： （to）+ do 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征； 否定式： not + （to） do,不定式,Subject （主语）,Object （宾语）,Predictive （表语）,Attribute （定语）,Adverb
16、ial （状语）,Complement （补语）,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,It is foolish to do that sort of thing.,I want to see you this weekend,All you have to do is（to）finish it quickly,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.,He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.,They jumped with joy to hear the news.,不 定 式,