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1、-仁爱版,七年级英语上册语法,归纳及练习(精简版)-第 7 页仁爱版七年级英语上册语法归纳及练习(精简版)一、1.英语26个字母中共有5个原音字母.Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu五个字母是原音字母,其余为辅音字母。2.第一个单词的首字母要大写。3.姓名中要大写。如:Tom 汤姆 4.单词I(我) 5.称呼的首字母要大写。如:Ms.Liu刘老师(刘女士)6.地点名词首字母要大写。如:China England二、a一个,一an一个,冠词a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e a book一本书。而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。如an apple一个苹果an ice-cream一条冰激凌,an hour
2、一小时an honest man一个诚实的男人练习一、a,an填空。1.( )apple, ( )orange , ( )window, ( )elephant , ( )book, ( ) eye , ( )door, ( )hour, ( )old dog, 2.This is old dog 3.That is cat 4.It is animal 三、Be系动词(am, is , are)用法be有三种形式am, is 和are。连系动词be是am, is, are三者的原形,一般不直接出现在句子中,而是以am, is, are的形式出现。建议你在歌谣中熟悉连系动词be的“身影”: 我
3、(I)用am,你(you)用are,is连着他(he),她(she),它(it);遇到复数全用are练习二、am, is, are填空。 1.I _ _a boy. _ _you a boy? No, I_ _ not. 2.The girl_ _ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ _ a teacher. 四、 名词的复数形式1)一般情况下在后面加s。如:father-fathers, book- books,apple-apples,banana- bananas2)以x, sh, ch,
4、 s, 后加es。如:box-es, glass-es, dress-es, watch-es, wish-es,fax-es 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如baby-babies,family-families, 4)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways, 5)以o结尾加es:只有: tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes,hero-heroes,其它的加s6)以f或fe结尾的变f变为v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-h
5、alves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves,thief-thieves, life-lives7)单复数相同(不变的:sheepsheep deerdeer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanesepeople-people8)特殊形式的有:child-children小孩, man-men男人, woman-women女人, foot-feet脚 ,tooth-teeth牙,mouse-mice老鼠,policeman-police警察,Englishman-Englishmen英国人,goose-geese鹅,9)不可数名词没有复数形式,如:s
6、ome tea一些茶 much bread许多面包练习三、写出下列各词的复数 I我 _him 他_this这 _her她 _ _ _me我 watch手表 _ _child 小孩_ _ photo 相片_ _diary日记 _ _day天_ _ foot脚_ _ book书_ _ dress连衣裙 _ tooth牙_ _ sheep绵羊 _ _box盒子_ _ family家庭 _ _thief小偷 ( ) 1.I have five .A.apples B.apple C.orange ( ) 2.He has some A.meats B.bread C.apple( )4.There a
7、re four in my family A.people B.peoples C.dog( )5.How many do you have?A.bread B.books C.sheep( )6.How much do you want?A.milk B.apples C.breads五、可数名词与不可数名词怎么区分呢? 一般来说,可数名词有单、复数之分。不可数名词没有单数和复数的区别, 以下是要注意的1. 不可数名词前不能直接加数词或a (an)。应加名词glass(杯) piece(片) cup(杯)如:a piece of meat一片面包, two cups of tea两杯茶 th
8、ree glasses of juice三杯果汁2. 不可数名词无单复数变化,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: There is(单数) some milk 一些牛奶(当作单数看)in the glass. 杯里有一些牛奶。3. 能修饰不可数名词的词有: much许多, a little一点, little很少, , some一些, any一些, a lot of许多,lots of许多等,以此来表示不确定的数量。如:much bread 许多面包a little milk 一点牛奶a lot of work 许多工作4. 表示具体的数量时应用单位词加of结构。如: He ate three pi
9、eces of bread. 他吃了三片面包。Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想喝杯咖啡吗?可数名词不可数名词1. 有单数和复数两种形式。如:a book,two books,a bus,three buses1. 只有单数形式。如:bread,tea,water,juice,milk2. 可以直接用不定冠词aan或数词来修饰。如:a cake,an apple,four boys2. 不能用不定冠词或数词直接修饰。如:a rice(),a juice(),three water()3. 可以用some,any,few,a few,many,a lot of来
10、修饰复数可数名词。如:some girls,a few friends,many pears3. 可以用some,any,little,a little,much,a lot of来修饰不可数名词。如:some milk,a little tea,a lot of food4. 用how many来询问数量的多少。如:How many people are there in your family?4. 用how much来询问数量的多少。如:How much milk is there in the bottle?5. 单个的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;多个单数名词或复数名词作主语时,
11、谓语动词要用复数。如:Jim comes from England. Lily and Lucy are twins. The students are reading English books. 5. 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但是,当不可数名词前面有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词就要用复数。如:There is some water in the glass. There are three bottles of water on the table. 主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I(我)me我my(我的)mine我的myself(我自己)复数we(
12、我们)us我们our(我们的)ours我们的ourselves(我们自己)第二人称单数you(你)you你your(你的)yours你的yourself(你自己)复数you(你们)you你们your(你们的)yours你们的yourselves(你们自己)第三人称单数he(他)him他his(他的)his他的himself(他自己)she(她)her她her(她的)hers她的herself(她自己)it(它)it它its(它的)its它的itself(它自己)复数they(他们/她们/它们)them他/她/它/们their(他们的/她们的/它们的)theirs他/她/它/们的themselv
13、es(他们/她们/它们自己)主格的用法:一般在句子前面或动词的前面I like her.我喜欢她I是主格,her是宾格Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果吗?you 是主格宾格的用法:一般在句子后面或动词的后面。如:I miss you.我想念你。I是主格,you 是宾格,miss是动词. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词:my,our,your,his,her,its,their(后接名词)一般在句子中间如:This is my book.这是我的书.my是形容词性物主代词,book是名词名词性物主代词:mine,ours,yours,his,her
14、s,its,theirs(后面无名词)一般在句子后面如:This book is mine.这本书是我的.mine名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词在句中起形容词的作用,在句中一般后面要紧接名词。名词物主代词在句中起名词的作用,实际上名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,因此名性物主代词后面不再接名词。my book= mine 记住 for和to后面的词一般是宾语或宾格.give 和put动词后面一般是宾格(三).选择题( )1.Whos that boy? is my brother. A.His B.He C.Him ( )2.Whose toothbrush is this? A
15、.Damings B.I C.Daming( )3.Is it Bettys bag?Yes,its . A.he B.she C.hers ( )4.Who is the woman? is my Chinese teacher. A.He B.She C.Your( )5.This long pen is .The short one is .A.his;her B.his;hers C.him;her( )6.We can listen to in the evening.A.they B.them C.their( )7.I miss grandmother. A.my B.I C.m
16、e( )8.This is _ pen . A.my B.mine C.I ( )9.This pen is _. A.my B.mine C.I ( )10.This is my book . That book is . A.yours B.mine C.your 32.This is (I)book 33. That book is (I) 34.That book for (he)2.指示代词:this这this is这是,that那, that is那是(单数)these这些,these are这些是 those那些those are那些是(复数)This is a book这是一本
17、书,这些是狗Those are cats那些是猫七、名词所有的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:表示有生命东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加“s”一)单数在后面加s。如:brothers,哥哥的 Mikes,麦克的 teachers老师的单数表示:Damings books大明的书Amys pens艾米的钢笔二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加,如: Teachers Day教师节,classmates同学们的复数表示:teachersbooks老师们的书.studentsclassroom学生们的教师 三)如果不是以s结尾的复数与单数一样处理。如:Childre
18、ns Day六一节,Womens Day三八节 mens男人们的mens coats男人们的大衣.womens skirts 女人们的裙.childrens dolls孩子们的玩具.1.大明的狗 2.老师的书 3.孩子们的钢笔 4.男人们的球 5.学生们的书包 6.司机们的车 八、英语时间表达法英语时间通常用以下两种方法表达:若表示的时间不够准确,可在时间前加上介词about。如:about eight (大约八点)等。在时间前面应用介词at 来表示在的意思。如:at nine 在九点钟,练习:9:00 8:30 7:15 6:25 5:45 九、have /has 用法have是英语中一个非
19、常重要的动词,被戏称为“灵魂动词”或“魔鬼动词”。因其在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,语法上称这类词为兼类词。现一、表示“有” “拥有”的意思时,强调“所属关系”。其主语常为“人或物”。如: My father has many new books我爸爸有许多新书。Does your father have many new books?肯:yes he does 否:No he doesntDo you have a new computer? 肯 Yes I do 否 No I dont二、“have表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“用餐”。如:have breakfastlunchsupper
20、吃早饭午饭晚饭。三、“have表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃;喝”。如:have (some) bread吃面包,have eggs (for breakfast) (早餐)吃鸡蛋,have (a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。四、“have表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的名词同义。如:have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳have a drink (of)喝一点()have a look (at )(朝)看一眼五、“have表示某种活动的名词”,意为“进行,举行”。如:have a class (学生) 上课 have a birthday
21、party 举行生日聚会1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good friend.3.They_some caps. 4.We我们_some flowers.5. She_ a duck. 6. My father_a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase.8. Our teacher_ an English book.9.Our teachers_a basketball.十、There be 结构there be 结构的肯定式为:There be + 主语+地点(时间)状语There is a tree in front of the hous
22、e.房子前有一棵树。Therebe句型不一般,主语跟在be后边。变疑问,很简单,be须大写来提前;变否定,也轻松,be后not记心中; 肯定句中用some,否定、疑问any用。1.不管作主语的名词有多少个,be动词的数只与第一个名词保持一致。如:Thereisapen,twopencilsandsomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一枝钢笔、两枝铅笔和一些书。练习六1._a TV(一台电视机) on the desk.2._a basketball(一个篮球) in the playground. 3. _some books(一些书) in the bag.4._a story-bo
23、ok(一本故事书) on the table5. _ a map of the world(一幅世界地图) on the wall.6. _many children(很多小孩子) on the hill.用“have,has”或“there is , there are” 填空1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telephone on the desk. 3. He_a book. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some pens. 6. They_a good students.
24、7. What do you_? 8. _a dog in the room房间里? 9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bag书包里? 十一、一般现在时基本用法介绍 般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用every Sunday每个星期天once a wee
25、k一周一次 every year.每年always总是 usually通常often经常 sometimes有时 never决不every day每天 every week每周every每个, at.在几点钟 .主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词也要变成第三人称单数谓语动词+s+es的变化规则(以下单词是碰到主语是第三人称单数它、他、她才加s或es)1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,like-likes, talk-talks ,swim-swims. wantwants, workworks, knowknows, helphelps,getgets 2.以s. x. sh.
26、ch. 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses猜, wash-washes洗, watch-watches看, catch-catches接住,miss-misses 思念,pass-passes通过,finish-finishes完成,cross-crosses 穿过fish-fishes钓鱼,teach-teaches教brush-brushes刷.3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies学习worry-worryies 担心try-tryies尝试,copy-copies模仿. flyflies放(飞),y前是元音字母的直接加-s :bu
27、y-buys买,enjoy-enjoys 享用,play-plays 打(球)玩stay-stays 停留一般现在时的构成:1. be(am,is,are)动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+(名词)其它。I我+am+(名词)其它(不能是其它动词)如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。I am a teacher我是老师第三人称单数+is+(名词)其它. He is a teacher.他是一位老师. Amy is a girl.艾米是一个女孩.复数(you你)+are+(名词)其它You are a girl你是一个女孩. They are students他们是学生2.行为动词:主语
28、+行为动词(+其它)。主语是(第一人称(I我)、第二人称(you你)和复数)+行为动词原形(不加s或es)+其它We study English.我们学习英语。I like dogs我喜欢狗。You like cats你喜欢猫.主语是第三人称单数(he,他 she她,it它)+行为动词+(s或es或不规则变化的has有does做goes去)如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语. Mike does his homework。迈克做作业.3.情态动词can能,会:主语+can+动词原形 如:I can swim.我会游泳.He can play ball.他会打球.一般现在时的
29、变化1. be动词的变化。肯定句:主语(人称)+be(am is are)+ 名词)其它如:He is a worker.他是工人 否定句:主语(人称)+ be(am is are) + not(nt)+(名词)其它We arent students.我们不是学生.一般疑问句:如:Are you a student? 你是学生吗?Yes. I am. 是的,我是 No, Im not.不,我不是。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句动词要原形。如:He often plays. 他经常玩.He doesnt often play.他不经常玩. She doesnt do her
30、homework她不做作业.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:有do和does出现所有动词要原形Do you often play football?你经常踢球吗?Yes, I do.是的我经常踢/ No, I dont.不,我不经常踢。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:she goes to work by bike她骑自行车去上班.Does she go to work by bike? 她骑自行车去上班吗?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句结构。如:How does your f
31、ather go to work?你的父亲怎样去上班?一、练习.写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ _ go _ _ stay _ _ make _look _ have_ pass_ _ carry _ _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ _brush_do_ _teach_ _make fly come 一般现在时专项练习: 二、用be(am,is,are)动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ a student. You _ a teacher.2. She_ my friend.3. _ you Li Fen ? No, I_ not. 4. _Mr.
32、 green very busy? Yes, he _.5. Mike _ very interesting .6. You and I _ good friends.7. His friends _ very funny.8. The twins _ very happy 三、一般现在时:用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He他 often _ _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy丹尼尔和汤米 _ _(be) in Class One.3. We 我们_ _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick尼克 _ _(not
33、 go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ _ they _ _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and _ _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _ _(like) cooking. 12.She _ _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.