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1、-中考英语常考易错点专题讲练：交际用语（含答案解析）-第 23 页交际用语知识清单1. 问候(1)Hello!/Hi! 你好!(2)Good morning/afternoon/evening!早晨/下午/晚上好!(3)How do you do! 你好!(4)Im Lucy King. 我是露西金。(5)Are you Peter Green? 你是彼得格林吗?(6)Yes,I am/No,Im not. 是,我是。/不,我不是。(7)How are you? 你好吗?(8)How are you today/this afternoon/evening? 今天/下午/晚上好吗?(9)Fin
2、e,thanks. And you? 很好,谢谢。你呢?(10)Im fine,too. 我也很好。(11)How is Amy/your father/your mother? 艾米好吗?/你爸爸好吗?/你妈妈好吗?(12)She is very well,thank you. 她很好,谢谢。(13)Good night,Jane. 晚安,简。(14)Goodbye,Mike. 再见,迈克。(15)See you tomorrow. 明天见。(16)See you later. 待会儿见。(17)Hows everything? 过得还好吗?(18)Just so-so还行吧!2. 介绍(1
3、)Whats your name? 你叫什么名字?(2)May I have your name? 能告诉我你的名字吗?(3)My name is Jones. 我叫琼斯。(4)Just call me Tom. 就叫我汤姆吧。(5)Whats your first name? 你的名字叫什么?(6)My first name is Bill. 我的名字叫比尔。(7)How do you spell your last name? 你的姓怎么写?(8)Jones J-O-N-E-S. 琼斯,J-O-N-E-S。(9)Who is the lady in white? 穿白衣服的那位小姐是谁?(
4、10)Whats your friends name? 你的朋友叫什么名字?(11)His name is John Smith.他叫约翰史密斯。(12)John and I are old friends.我和约翰是老朋友了。(13)Are you Johns brother?你是约翰的兄弟吗?(14)No,Im not. 不,我不是。(15)This is Mr Jones. 这是琼斯先生。(16)This is Tom. Hes my classmate. 这是汤姆。我的同学。(17)Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。(18)Nice to meet you,too. 认
5、识你我也很高兴。(19)Let me introduce myself. 让我自我介绍一下。(20)Id like you to meet. 我想请你见见(21)Come and meet. 来见见(22)Im pleased/happy/glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你!3. 告别(1)Goodbye!/Bye-bye! 再见!(2)Good night!晚安!(3)Im afraid I have to go now. Its getting late. 天太晚了,我得走了。(4)Lets get together soon. 让我们不久再见。(5)See you soon
6、/later/tomorrow. 一会儿见/明天见!(6)We had a good time. 我们过得很愉快!(7)Thank you for having us. 多谢款待我们。(8)Its a pleasure!不客气。(9)Take care. 请慢走。(10)Please give my regards to. 请代我向问好。(11)Please say hello to. for me. 请代我向问好。4. 打电话(1)Hello. May I speak to Mr Green?你好,我可以和格林先生讲话吗?(2)Just a moment. 等一会儿。(3)Hold on.
7、等一会儿。(4)Hes not in. May I take a message for him?他不在,我能替他捎个口信吗?(5)Yes,please. 是的,麻烦了。(6)Would you answer the phone please? 你能接一下电话吗?(7)I want to make a long distance call. 我想打个长途电话。(8)This is Mary Speaking. 我是玛丽。(9)Would you tell Mr Green that I called?你能告诉格林先生我给他打了个电话吗?(10)I must have dialed a wron
8、g number. 我一定拨错号了。(11)I couldnt get through. 我打不通。(12)I have to hang up now. 我得挂电话了。(13)Would you call back tomorrow?你能明天回个电话吗?(14)Theres something wrong with the phone.电话出了点儿毛病。(15)I tried to call you,but the line is busy.我试着给你打电话,但老占线。5. 祝愿与应答(1)Wish you good health and lots of happiness. 祝你身体健康,幸
9、福快乐。(2)Good luck(to you)! 祝你好运!(3)Merry Christmas! 祝你圣诞快乐!(4)Happy New Year! 新年好!(5)Happy birthday! 生日快乐!(6)Enjoy yourself! 祝你快乐!(7)Have fun! 祝你快乐!(8)Have a good time! 祝你快乐!(9)Congratulations! 祝贺你!(10)Thank you,and you too. 谢谢,也祝您快乐。(11)The same to you. 把同样的祝福也送给您。6. 道歉与应答(1)Im sorry. 对不起。(2)Im sorr
10、y for. 对不起(3)Im sorry about. 对不起(4)Excuse me. 劳驾。(5)I must apologize to you for. 我必须为向你道歉(6)Never mind. 没关系。(7)It doesnt matter. 没关系。(8)Im sure you didnt mean to do it.我相信你不是故意的。(9)Forget it. 别放在心上。7. 遗憾与同情(1)Im sorry to hear that. 听到这消息我很难过。(2)I know how you feel. 我能体会你的感受。(3)Dont worry about it. 别
11、担心。(4)Im sure things will improve. 事情会好起来的。(5)Oh,come on. Cheer up. 来吧,振作起来。(6)Its not the end of the world. 这并不是世界末日。(7)Look on the bright side. 多看看事情好的一面。(8)Thats too bad. 那可太糟糕了。(9)Thats shame! 太遗憾了。(10)What a shame. 太遗憾了。8. 邀请与应答(1)Do you want to.? 你想做吗?(2)Would you like to.? 你想做吗?(3)How would y
12、ou like to.? 你想做吗?(4)Would you be interested in.? 你对感兴趣吗?(5)Wont you join us? 愿意加入我们吗?(6)That sounds great. 听起来够棒的。(7)That sounds like fun. 听起来蛮有意思的。(8)Im afraid I cant come to your party.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会。(9)Maybe some other time. 改天吧。9. 提供(帮助等)和应答(1)Can I help you? 我能帮忙吗?(2)Thanks. That would be nice. 谢
13、谢,那太好了。(3)What can I do for you? 我能为你做些什么?(4)Thats very kind of you. 你真好。(5)Let me help you. 让我来帮你。(6)Thank you for your help 谢谢帮忙。(7)Would you like some.? 你想来点?(8)Yes please. /No,thanks. 好吧。/不用了,谢谢。10. 请求允许和应答(1)Can/Could I.? 我可以吗?(2)Yes/Certainly. Yes,do please. /Of course(you may). Thats OK/all r
14、ight. 当然可以。(3)Im sorry,but/Youd better not. 恐怕不行。/最好不要11. 表示同意或不同意(1)Certainly/Sure/Of course. 当然可以。(2)Yes,please. 可以。(3)Yes,I think so. 是的,我想可以。(4)Thats true. 可以。(5)All right/OK. 好吧。(6)Thats a good idea. 好主意。(7)I agree(with you). 我同意(你的意见)。(8)No,I dont think so. 不,我认为不可以。(9)Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。(10)
15、I really cant agree with you. 我真的不能同意。12. 表示肯定和不肯定(1)Im sure. 我肯定。(2)Im sure that. 我肯定(后接宾语从句)(3)Im not sure. 我不敢肯定。(4)Im not sure if. 我不敢肯定是否(5)Maybe/Perhaps. 可能吧。13. 谈论天气(1)Whats the weather like today? 今天天气如何?(2)How is the weather in England?英格兰的天气怎么样?(3)Its fine/cloudy/windy/rainy晴天/多云/有风/有雨。(4)
16、Its rather warm/cold/hot today,isnt it?今天很暖和/冷/热,是吗?(5)Lovely weather,isnt it? 天气不错,不是吗?(6)What a heavy rain! 好大的雨!(7)What a strong wind! 好大的风!14. 购物(1)Can I help you? 你想买点什么?(2)What can I do for you? 你想买点什么?(3)I want/Id like/Im looking for. 我想买点(4)What colour/size/kind do you want? 你想买什么颜色/尺寸/种类的?(
17、5)Do you have any other kind/size/colour? 还有其他种类/尺寸/颜色的吗?(6)Is that all? 还要别的吗?15. 问路和应答(1)Excuse me,wheres the nearest hospital? 请问,最近的医院在哪儿?(2)Excuse me,which is the way to.?请问,哪一条是去的路?(3)Excuse me,can you tell me the way to.? 请问,你能告诉我去的路吗?(4)How can I get to.? I dont know the way. 怎样才能到?我不认识路。(5)
18、Go down this street. 沿着这条街往前走。(6)Turn right/left at the first crossing. 第一个十字路口右/左拐。(7)Its about. meters from here. 离这米。(8)Is it far? 远吗?(9)How far is it? 有多远?(10)Youd better take a bus. 你最好乘公共汽车。(11)Which number do I need? 我该乘哪一路车?(12)I think you need a No.5 bus.我认为你应该乘五路车。(13)Sorry,I dont know. Yo
19、ud better ask the policeman over there. 对不起,我不知道,你最好问问那边的那个警察。16. 问时间或日期和应答(1)What day is(it)today? 今天星期几?(2)Whats the date today? 今天几号?(3)What time is it? 几点了?(4)Whats the time,please? 几点了?(5)Its Monday. 今天是星期一。(6)Its July 1st. 今天是七月一日。(7)Its six oclock/half past five/a quarter to five/four thirty.
20、 六点/五点半/五点差一刻/四点半。(8)Its time for/to do. 到了该干的时候了。17. 请求(1)Can/Could you. for me? 你能替我做吗?(2)Will/Would you please.? 你可不可以?(3)May I have.? 我可以吗?(4)Please give/pass me. 请给/递给我(5)Please wait(here/a moment). 请稍等。(6)Please wait(for)your turn. 请等到轮到你时。(7)Please stand in line/line up. 请站成一排。(8)Please hurry
21、. 请快点。18. 劝告和建议(1)Youd better ask that woman. 你最好问问那位妇女。(2)All right. Thanks. 好吧,谢谢。(3)Why dont you go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢?(4)Right. Ill do that. 好,就这么办吧。(5)How/What about going out for a walk? 去散散步怎么样?(6)Thats a good idea. Thank you. 好主意,谢谢。(7)I think youd better look it up in the dictionary. 你最好
22、还是查查字典。(8)You are right. 你说得对。(9)Shall we play together? 我们一起玩好吗?(10)You shouldnt stay up too late. 别睡得太晚。(11)I dont mind. 我不介意。19. 禁止和警告(1)You cant do that. 别那么做。(2)If you dont get up,youll be late for school. 你再不起床就会迟到了。(3)Be careful! 小心!(4)Take care! 小心!(5)Dont walk there. The floor is wet.别走那儿,地
23、板湿的。(6)Make sure you lock the door when you leave. 你走的时候把门锁好。20. 表示感情(1)Im glad/pleased/happy to meet you. 很高兴见到你。(2)Thats nice. 那好吧。(3)Thats wonderful/great. 太棒了!(4)Whats wrong? 怎么了?(5)Whats the matter? 怎么了?(6)Im/Hes/SHes worried. 我/他/她有点担心。(7)Oh. What shall I do? 我该怎么办呢?(8)Really? 真的?(9)Oh,dear! 天
24、哪!(10)Is that so? 真的?21. 就餐(1)What would you like to have? 想来点什么?(2)Would you like something to eat/drink?要吃/喝点什么吗?(3)Id like a cup of coffee. 来杯咖啡。(4)Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼。(5)Thank you. Ive had enough. 谢谢,我吃饱了。(6)Just a little,please. 就一点儿。(7)Here or to go? To go,please.在这儿还是带走?带走吧。22.
25、约会(1)Are you free this afternoon/evening? 今天下午/晚上你有空吗?(2)How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/ evening?明天上午/下午/晚上呢?(3)Shall we meet at 430 at the school gate? 430在学校门口见面如何?(4)Yes,thats all right. 好吧,就这么定了。(5)Yes,Ill be free then. 那会儿我就有空了。(6)No,I wont be free then. 不行,那会儿我没空。(7)All right. See you th
26、en. 好吧,再见。(8)It doesnt matter. We can make it sometime next week. 没关系,我们下周见。(9)Id like to see you tomorrow. 明天想见你。(10)When can you make it? 你定在什么时候?23. 传递信息(1)Will you please give this note/message to Kate? 你可以把这个留言条给凯特吗?(2)He asked me to give you this note. 他让我给你这张条。(3)Thanks for the message. 谢谢你的留
27、言。24. 看病(1)There is something wrong with my back. 我的后背有毛病。(2)Ive got a cough. 我咳嗽。(3)I feel terrible. 我感到难受。(4)I dont feel well. 我不舒服。(5)Ive got a pain. 我疼。(6)This place hurts. 这个地方疼。(7)Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(8)Whats the matter? 你怎么了?(9)Whats your trouble? 你怎么了?(10)I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃
28、。(11)Take this medicine three times a day. 服这种药,一天三次。(12)Its nothing serious. 不严重。(13)Youll be all right. 你会好的。(14)Youll get well soon. 你很快就会康复。(15)Take it easy. 别紧张。(16)Drink more water and have a good rest. 多喝水,多休息。(17)How long have you been like this? 这种情况已经有多久了?(18)Ive got a headache and a cough
29、. 我头疼,咳嗽。(19)Let me look over you. 让我给你检查检查。(20)Have you taken your temperature? 你量过体温了吗?25. 求助(1)Help! 救命!(2)Whats the matter? 怎么了?(3)Could you give me a hand?你能帮我吗?(4)Would you help me? 你能帮我吗?(5)Do you think you can lend me your bike? 你可以借给我你的自行车吗?(6)Do you mind helping me with my English?你愿意帮我学英语
30、吗?26. 处理交际中的障碍(1)Pardon. 请再说一遍。(2)Please say that again/more slowly.请再说一遍/说慢点。(3)Im sorry I cant follow you. 很抱歉我听不懂。(4)Im sorry I know only a little English. 对不起,我只懂一点儿英语。提分策略交际用语通过提供一定的语境,将语言放在交际的实际情景中去考查。它所涉及的内容多是初中英语课本中出现过的与学生学习、生活相联系、实用性强的内容。它既考查特定交际场合使用的表达方式,也通过语境考查词汇和语法知识的运用。近几年中考中情景交际的常考题型有:
31、补全对话选择题、补全对话填空题,其中补全对话填空题难度较大。一、 选择型补全对话(一)题型特点该题型的特点是在情景应答和对话中,抽出其中某些问句或答句,然后提供若干个备选项,要求考生根据情景,选择备选项中正确的形式来补全对话,它主要考查特定情景中某些口语的固定表达形式。这类试题有的是把一段对话中抽出的若干个句子打乱顺序后放在一个方框内提供给考生,要求考生根据上下文内容,将这些句子重新返回原位,使对话完整。这类试题难度虽不大,但必须认真仔细方能保证正确无误。有的试题为干扰考生,在抽出的句子基础上再掺入若干个语法正确、语言通顺且内容也与对话有关的干扰句子用以迷惑考生,意在测试考生的鉴别能力。有的试
32、题给对话的每个空格提供四个备选项,形式上类同于完形填空,但它提供的是完整的句子,考生必须从中选出符合特定语境和情景的正确答案。(二)解题技巧1. 通览全文,领会大意,揣摩话题。解题时应先跳过空格通览全文,了解对话大意,根据对大意的把握,判定语境,揣摩话题。2. 根据语境,细读选项,选择答案。在把握话题和语境的基础上,针对对话的每一空白处,细读所提供的选项,认真分析它们之间的异同,依据对话有关情景内容,选择正确的答案。3. 通盘考虑,前后联想,先易后难。要从对话整体理解出发,依照上、下问答的逻辑顺序来考虑所选择的答案,不可不顾前后顺序,孤立地根据上句就补下句,这样可能出现所补句子符合上文而不符合
33、下文的情况。要先解决有把握的、容易的,再回头补选较难的。4. 通读对话,义形结合,验证答案。将对话补全之后,再将整段对话通读一遍,逐一验证答案。所选的答案不仅语意上要符合语境,而且要保证语言正确,做到说话得体。(三)注意事项1. 所补全的对话内容必须能使上、下文连贯一致,因而必须瞻前顾后、全盘考虑,不能仅看上一个问句就选择答句,或仅根据下文中的答句就补全它的问句,否则容易造成逻辑错误。2. 做题前应注意试题前面是否有中文或英语的背景提示。这些背景提示是确定话题内容的重要依据,不可疏忽带过。3. 在选择过程中考生应注意把已选出的选项划去,避免重复选择的错误。4. 做题时要先易后难,一时难以确定不
34、要勉强先做,否则易造成连锁错误。【例】(2014江苏南京)根据对话内容,从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空,使对话内容完整正确,并将答案写在相应位置上。looked at; while; traditional; place; all overA: Youve been to Australia, havent you?B: Yes, I have. I was working in Australia for a year and I traveled 1 the country.A: What kind of work were you doing?B: I was teaching C
35、hinese 2 thingsKung Fu and paper cut in a school.A: Did you see kangaroos?B: Yes. One weekend,I was driving in the countryside. I saw a kangaroo jumping right to my car! When I stopped the car,it stopped jumping and 3 me. Then I saw it was carrying its baby in its front.A: What was the best place yo
36、u visited in Australia?B: Uluru! It is a red mountain in the desert. Its a very special 4 for Australians.A: Did you miss your family 5 you were in Australia?B: Yes,I missed them,but I never forget the experience in Australia!【答案】1. all over2. traditional3. looked at4. place5. while二、 填空型补全对话(一)题型特点
37、该题型的特点是给出一段不完整的情景对话,要求考生根据对话的主题及上、下文问答的逻辑关系,填上对话中所空缺的单词或句子,使对话前后意思连贯、语法正确、符合英语习惯表达法。这类试题不重点考查语法概念,也不重点考查词义的差别,重在测试语言意义。考查考生整体理解对话、全面接受信息的能力,并在此基础上填入符合情节内容的词语,做到既要达意又要形式正确。(二)解题技巧1. 跳过空格、通观对话、把握主题。先跳过空格,通览全段对话,努力通过对话所提供的信息,了解对话的功能、背景、情节,把握对话的主题,让自已对整个对话内容做到心中有数。2. 围绕主题、逐句细读、依句填词。根据特定的语言环境,围绕对话的主题,从头开
38、始逐句细读分析,仔细揣摩上、下问答的关系,从中得到启示,用语意符合情景、词形正确的词补上对话中所空缺的单词,使整段对话内容前后意思连贯。3. 默读对话、综合考虑、验证答案。将对话补全之后,要将整段对话再仔细默读一遍,对所填的每一个词进行复查。要从所填词的内容是否符合语境,词形是否正确,上、下文意思是否连贯等项综合考虑,验证每个答案。(三)注意事项1. 做补全对话填空题时切忌见空就填,因为有的答案是由上、下文内容决定的,因而必须纵观全文,全盘考虑。2. 做题时先易后难,对一时难以确定的词可暂且放过,先接着往下做,然后再回头补填。如遇个别实在无法确定的词,也应大胆依据语境和上下文词的搭配猜测填入,
39、这比空着不填要强。3. 所填的词不仅要求语意适合,还要求词形正确,所以考生不能仅以填入原形词为满足,在特定的句子中一定要考虑词的正确形式,否则就会前功尽弃。【例】(2014湖北黄冈)根据语境,用恰当的话语完成对话。A: Hey,Bill, 1?B: Oh,Im thinking about life in the countryside.A: 2?B: Yeah, I like it very much. In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also greener trees and
40、clearer rivers.A: Its quieter, too. People can enjoy the beauties of nature there.A: 3!B: So it is. The wind is blowing strongly with lots of sand. I couldnt see anything, and my face hurt while I was walking down the street just now.A: Im sorry to hear that. But 4?B: People have cut down too many t
41、rees. As a result,lots of rich land has changed into desert.A: Thats too bad,but 5?B: Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. And a lot of water can be saved by forests. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.【答案】1. What are you thinking about/of2. Do you like the c
42、ountryside/Do you like it?3. What bad weather!/ How bad the weather is! What a terrible sandstorm!4. what has caused/made it(the bad weather/the sandstorms)5. how do trees influence/affect the weather专项训练一、 单项选择1. (2014江苏江阴14)Sorry for what I have said to you.A. Lets forget it.B. No,of course not.C.
43、 No,nothing much.D. Pardon?2. (2014上海奉贤区二模45)Our class won the first prize in the school football match last week.A. Take care!B. Congratulations!C. What a pity!D. Good Luck!3. (2014江苏泰州8)What can I do for you? .A. Its very nice of youB. I can do it by myselfC. Yes,Id love toD. Im looking for a pres
44、ent4. (2014安徽50)We failed in the singing competition. Better times are waiting for you.A. No wayB. Best wishesC. Cheer upD. Good job5. (2014 山东济南45)Do you usually take a walk or do your homework after dinner?. Its good for me.A. Yes,I doB. No,I dontC. Take a walkD. It doesnt matter6. (2013北京)I lost
45、my bike yesterday and had to walk home.A. It doesnt matterB. Its a pleasureC. Im sorry to hear thatD. Good news7. (2013上海)The jeans look so special. May I try them on?OK, . Here is a room for you.A. thats rightB. this way,pleaseC. Im sorryD. put off your trousers8. (2013天津)Excuse me. Is the museum open every day?. Its only open from Monday to Friday.A. Yes,of courseB. Thats rightC. Im not sureD. Im afraid not9. (2013河南)Thanks for listening to my problem and giving me your advice,Amy. Thats what friends are for.A. My pleasureB. With pleasureC. Never mindD. Its nice o