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1、-人教版英语八年级上同步讲义-第 64 页建通教育八年级上册英语讲义目录Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?Unit 2 How often do you exercise?Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sisterUnit 4 Whats the best movie theater?Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?Unit6 Im going to study computer science.Unit7 Will people have robots?Unit8 How d
2、o you make a banana milk shake?Unit9 Can you come to my party?Unit10 If you go to the party, youll have a great time.语法总览Unit 1 复合不定代词,一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词Unit 2频度副词Unit 3 形容词和副词比较级Unit 4形容词和副词的最高级Unit5动词不定式作宾语Unit6一般将来时:be going to do 的用法Unit7 一般将来时:will do 的用法Unit8可数名词与不可数名词,祈使句Unit9 can表示邀请的用法及其回答Uni
3、t10 if引导的条件状语从句;should 的用法Unit1 where did you go on vacation?一、重点词汇anyone eniwn pron.任何人wonderful wndfl adj.精彩的;极好的few fju adj.很少的;n.少量something sm pron.某事物;nothing(=notanything) n pron.没有什么n.没有myself maself pron.我自己everyone evriwn pron.每人;人人yourself jself pron.你自己;你亲自bored bd adj.无聊的;厌烦的;郁闷的seem si
4、m vi.似乎;好像decide dsad v.决定;选定try tra v.尝试;设法;努力 wonder wnd(r) v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑difference dfrns n.差异;不同wait wet v.等;等待(wait for)umbrella mbrel n.伞;雨伞wet wet adj.湿的;雨天的enough nf adj.足够的adv.足够地;充分地hungry(反full) hri adj.饥饿的;渴望的dislike dslak v.不喜欢;厌恶 n.不喜爱;厌恶;反感二、 短语总汇1、go on vacation去度假 ,2、 stay at home 呆在家,
5、 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 ,4、 go to the beach到海边去,5、visit museums 参观博物馆,6、go to summer camp 去夏令营,7、 quite a few 相当多, 8、study for为学习,9、go out 出去,10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间,11、taste good 尝起来味道好,12、have a good time玩的开心,13、of course当然可以, 14、feel like感觉像/想要,15、 go shopping购物,16、in the past 在过去,1
6、7、walk around绕走,18、too many 太多(可数名词前面),19、because of 因为, 20、one bowl of 一碗,21、find out 查出来/发现 ,22、go on继续,23、take photos 照相, 24、something important重要的事情, 25、up and down上上下下, 26、come up出来 三、语法聚焦A.复合不定代词或副词构成及用法 构成:由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where构成副词。 用法: (1)合成不定代词
7、在句中可以作主语,宾语或表语等。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat. (2)不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading. (3)some-不定代词,通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。 Someone is calling me. There isnt anyone else there. Is anybody over
8、there? Could you give me something to eat? (4)形容词修饰不定代词时,通常要放在不定代词之后。 There is something delicious on the table. (5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。 Flowers come out everywhere. 注: 形容词修饰不定代词要后置:anything special 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.B. 规则动词过去式与不规则动词过去式:B.规则动词过去式(略,见七年级下册)不规则动词过去式如下: am,is-was a
9、re-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave get-got, go-went come-came have-had, eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat, bring-brought, can-could, cut-cut bec
10、ome-became, begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt(learned) leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept, speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke四、沙场练兵1.语法精炼( )1.What _ Dean _ last Saturday night?
11、A.is; doing B. does; do C. did; do D. was; do( )2.Hang zhou is a beautiful city. There are many people here _ vacation every year.A.in B.on C.for D.to ( )3. _ was the food in the restaurant?A.How many B.Why C.How D.Where( )4.After a long walk, I _ a little tired. A.feeling B.to feel C.feels D.felt(
12、)5They enjoyed _ very much.A.swimming B.swam C.swimming D.to swim( )6There is_ in todays newspaper. A. interesting something B.anything interesting C. nothing special D.special nothing ( )7.IdidntgotoPenangHill_thebadweather.A.soB.becauseC.becauseofD.but ( )8. Itisraining hard,soJohndecides_athome.A
13、.stay B.tostayC.stayedD.staying2. 大题专练(中考完形填空)Last Saturday ,Tony went to see Benny .But he didnt know 1 Benny lived. 2 the way ,he stopped in front of a yellow house ,and asked an old woman the 3 to Bennys house .“His house is not far from my house,” said the woman.“Its behind the trees .But you ca
14、nt get there 4 .You can go there by bus .Itll 5 you hours to get there 6 foot.” “Whats 7 with her?” Tony thought.“I can see Bennys house from here now .Its behind the 8 .”Then Tony walked to the other side of the trees.He found the old woman was 9 .There was a river in front of him,and he couldnt se
15、e a boat.The house was on the other side of the 10 .( )1.A.what B.where C.howD.why( )2.A.ByB.OnC.NearD.In ( )3.A.place B.house C.busD.way( )4.A.well B.nowC.easilyD.hurry( )5.A.spendB.takeC.bringD.carry( )6.A.inB.onC.byD.with( )7.A.matterB.troubleC.wrong D.right( )8.A.housesB.riversC.treesD.boats( )9
16、.A.right B.good C.wrong D.fine( )10.A.road B.streetC.treeD.river一、名师点评这篇短文主要描述了托尼去朋友本尼家,问路的故事。参考答案:1:联系上下文,可知此处指的是,他不知道本尼住在哪儿。故选B,在哪儿。2:介词辨析。A. 通过,到为止;B.在上面;C. 在附近;D. 在里面。联系下文描述,可知这是发生在路上的事情。故选B。3:名词辨析。A. 地方;B. 房子;C. 公交车;D. 道路,方法。联系前文描述,可知此处指的是,他向一个老人问去本尼家的路。故选D。4:副词辨析。A. 很好地,充分地;B. 现在;C. 容易地;D. 匆忙地
17、,仓促地。联系下文描述,可知此处指的是,但是你到哪儿也不容易。故选C。5:动词辨析。take 用于 it takes sb . to do sth句型,仅指花费时间(three hours等),必须用it作形式主语,指代下文不定式内容;spend用于sb spend.on sth或者sb spend.in doing sth(in可以省略),spend的主语必须是人,可以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱;bring带来;carry运送。结合语境可知此处指的是步行到哪儿得花费你几个小时的时间。主语是it,故选B。6:联系下文,可知此处指的是步行到那儿。短语on foot,故选B,在上面。7:词义辨析
18、。A. 物质,原因;B. 麻烦,烦恼;C. 坏事,错误的;D. 正确的。联系上下文,可知此处指示,这个老人有什么问题。Matter和trouble一般要搭配定冠词the,故选C。8:联系前文Its behind the trees.可知此处指的是就在树后面。故选C。树木。9:形容词辨析。A. 正确的;B. 好的;C. 错误的;D. 好的,优良的;联系下文描述,可知他发现老人说的是正确的。故选A。10:联系前文,可知此处指的是,这所房子在河的另一边。故选D,河。点评:这篇短文内容比较简单,理解不难。各小题与上下文联系比较紧密,答题中一定要注意联系上下文。答完后多读几遍,看看是否符合逻辑,适当修改
19、。个别小题可以当作单独的词义辨析题来做,先区分词义,结合语境选出最能使语句通顺的答案。二 完形填空做题方法:完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅,单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。一、完形填空解题步骤通览-试填-复核 1 通览-速度全文,把握大意 快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2 试填-紧扣文意,瞻前顾后 先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意词汇的意义、搭配,惯用法,语法
20、,常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3 复核-全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确试填后,要把全文再通读一遍 ,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。二、解题技巧1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(同义词或反义词)2. 注意固定搭配3. 注意同义词的辨义4.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项5. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项6. 利用语法知识选出正确选项三、解题技巧的具体运用1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。2 注意固定搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以
21、及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。3 注意同义词的辨义4 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项有时,选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系及对比关系等。常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举;Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程;anyhow,still,though,a
22、lthough表示让步关系;therefore,so表结果;because,since,due to,owing to表原因,等等6 利用语法知识选出正确选项5 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项Unit2 How often do you exercise?一、重点词汇:hardly hdli adv.几乎不;简直不;刚刚once wns adv.一次;曾经twice twas adv.两倍;两次maybe mebi adv.或许;也许;可能at least至少hardly ever很少;几乎从不;难得health hel n.健康;人的身体或精神状态although l conj.虽然;尽管
23、;然而;可是through ru prep.穿过;凭借;一直到die da v.死;枯竭;消失writer rat(r) n.作者;作家however haev(r) adv.然而;无论如何;不管多么than n conj.比none nn pron.没有人;没有任何东西,毫无less les adj.更少的;较少的二、重点短语1.such as例如;诸如2.junk food n.垃圾食品;无营养食品3.more than超过;多于;不仅仅;非常4.less than不到;少于5.help with housework 帮助做家务 6.how often 多久一次 7.hardly ever
24、 几乎从不 8.once a week 每周一次 9.twice a month 每月两次 10.go to the movies 去看电影 11. use the Internet 用互联网 12.swing dance 摇摆舞 13.stay up late 熬夜;睡得很晚 14.play sports 进行体育活动 15.be good for 对有好处 16.go camping 去野营 17.notat all 一点儿也不 18.in ones free time 在某人的业余时间 19.the most popular 最受欢迎的 20.old habits die hard 积习
25、难改 21 How about? .怎么样? 22.Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 23.ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 24.by doing sth. 通过做某事 25.Whats your favorite? 你最喜爱的是什么?26.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式三、语法聚焦语法知识: 频度副词 1. 频度副词的含义 (1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。 常用的频度副词按高低依次为 always usually sometimes seldom hadly ever never 100% 80% 60
26、% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具体的频率、次数时,一次用once,两次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置 (1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前,be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后 E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. (2)有些频度副词也可位于句首,但表示不同含义 sometimes 常位于句首,和位于句中区别不大。 E.g. Sometime
27、s Jack plays computer games. often 用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite,very 修饰 E.g.Very often he goes online. Usually 也可位于句首,其前不用修饰语。 E.g. Usually my father goes up early. Always 一般不用于句首,但可以用在祈使句中。 E.g. Always remember this. 3. 对频度副词提问时,用how often E.g. -How often do you go to the movies? -Once a month四、沙场练兵1.
28、语法精炼 ( )1. Lucy is a good student. She is_ late for class.A. usually B. hardly ever C. sometimes D. never( ) 2.Tom watches TV four _ five _a week.A. and, times B. or, time C. or, times D. and, time( )3. How often do you have P.E. lessons?_. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A. Twice B. Twice a week C.
29、 Three times D. Three times a week( )4. How about apples? -OK.A. to have B. had C. have D. having( )5. The boy has to buy the bicycle.A. old enough B. enough oldC. enough money D. money enough( )6.My mom wants me milk every day .A. to drink B. drink C. drinking D. drank( )7.Dont stay up . Go to bed
30、. A. late, early B. lately ,early C. lately, late D. late, late( )8_Mum asked me to close the door,_I forgot to do so.AThough;but BAlthough;butCBut;/ D Although;/( )9Though he eats many vegetables to keep_,he is in bad_.Ahealth;health Bhealthy;healthyChealthy;health Dhealth;healthy( )10Do you think
31、the best way to relax is _ exercise?Athough BthroughCoverDacross2. 大题拓展:(阅读理解)Many children love junk food. Its bad for their health. Their parents dont want them to eat too much junk food. Although they know its not a good habit, they still eat it. Some of them eat this kind of food every day. Some
32、 eat only once or twice a week.Paul is kind of unhealthy. He hardly ever exercises. He eats lots of junk food because he loves it. When he has money, he buys junk food. His parents worry about him. But he says, “Maybe Im not very healthy, but I enjoy myself.”根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正(A)误(B)( )1. Few children
33、love junk food.( )2. Many parents dont want their children to eat too much junk food.( )3. Children know its a bad habit to eat junk food.( )4. Paul is very healthy.( )5. Paul often exercises.一、名师点评:本文介绍了一些孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品,这对孩子的健康很不好,引起很多父母的担心。第二段描述了小男孩保罗对垃圾食品的爱好,他的观点很有代表性。参考答案:1B:根据Many children love junk
34、 food. 可知本句表述错误。2B:根据Their parents dont want them to eat too much junk food.可知本句表述错误。3A:根据Although they know its not a good habit,可知本句表述正确。4B:根据Paul is kind of unhealthy.可知本句表述错误。5B:根据When he has money, hell buy junk food.可知本句表述错误。点评:本文比较简短,理解起来比较容易。每个小题都能找到适当的答题依据,完成较易,认真阅读即可。二 阅读理解做题方法一、阅读理解文章的体裁主
35、要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。1)、叙述文叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。2)、说明文(描述文)说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即:提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题)- 发现直接原因- 分析深层原因-得出结论或找到出路。 3)、议论文议论文模式是主张-反主张模式。在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。 议论文的这种结
36、构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题。阅读理解的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者语气、态度型、结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识题、是非题等。二、阅读理解的几种题型及应试对策1.细节理解题。它是针对文章中的细节而设计的,如文章中某一个特定的细节,也可能涉及若干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解,直接选择正确答案,一般在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据,难度较小,属浅层理解题。细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:(1) Which of the following
37、is NOT true according to the information in the passage?(根据文章信息,下面哪个是不真的?)(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?(下面的哪一个在文章中提到了?)(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?(文章中描述的例子是什么)(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .(作者提到了以下的所有事项,除了)(5) The
38、 reason for . . .is . . .(什么的原因是)(6) The author states that . . .(作者陈述的观点是)(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .(根据文章,提问关于时间、地点、原因、形式和谁等的问题) 2.推测词义题。也就是要正确理解短文中个别关键词,可利用同义词、近义词及给定义等方法推测词义,甚至在通篇理解的基础上推测并发现所给生词的词义。这需要有意识地训练并最终具备这种不用字典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力。 3.推理判断题。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上,以
39、文章提供的事实为依据,将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析,透彻理解全文,以领会作者的真正意图,从而做出正确的推理和判断,切不可凭空想象,主观臆断。1、读懂原文,抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落,透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系,并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识,仔细斟酌,作出准确的推断和引申。2、熟悉常用的设问方式:1) We can infer /conclude from the passage that _.(通过文章我们可推断出什么结论) 2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3) T
40、he passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _.(文章暗示,但没有直接表述的观点是) 4) The author strongly suggests that_ _. 5) What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story? 4.归纳概括题。要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点,概括中心意思。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。尤其是新闻报道之类的,第一段通常是故事的梗概,这一段往往表达了文章的中心涵义。在文章的段落中往往
41、由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中,中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或题段)、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面,要求考生在准确理解全文后,归纳短文要点、概括中心思想,也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。 解题技巧:领会全文大意,灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理 等逻辑方法,真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。一般而言,英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括,通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上;不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题,特点是新闻报道,第一段通常是故事的梗概
42、(lead paragraph),这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想,但也要注意,不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中;主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想,而主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头,也有可能在段中或段末。这类题常见的命题方式有:(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?(2)What does this passage mainly talk about ?(3)The main theme of this passage is _.(4) The main point of the passage is_