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1、-Unit1 Festivals Around the World知识点复习总结-第 12 页Unit1 Festivals Around the World词汇讲义1. take place 发生；举行 In the meantime, an economic crisis took place. The Olympic Games take place every four years.联想拓展take ones place = take the place of . 代替in place of 代替take the first place 获得第一名易混辨析take place / ha
2、ppen / break out / occurtake place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。happen 指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见 的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。break out 指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。occur 指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构:It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys. It was in the church that their wedding _ _ (举行).Will yo
3、u attend the meeting _ (代替) me? (就座), please! We are ready to start.2. in memory of=to the memory of 作为对某人的纪念；纪念某人（memory前不加任何冠词） Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. They will build a monument in memory of the national hero.联想拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；向表示敬意in praise of 歌颂；称赞in favour of 赞同, 支
4、持in charge of 负责in need of 需要；缺少in search of 寻找in possession of 拥有(1)This monument was built the little hero. A. in place of B. in search of C. in memory of D. in need of(2)用由“in+n.+of”构成的短语填空。A monument was set up (纪念) the dead soldiers.3. belief n. C/U 信任；信仰，信心 believe vi.& vt. 相信常用结构： have belief
5、 in sth. / sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性有信心beyond belief 难以置信in the belief that . 相信It is my belief that . 我相信It is beyond belief that He has great belief in his doctor. 他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝。4. dress up 盛装，打扮 (常用于dress up as sb. / dress up in sth.结构) We are supposed to _(打扮成) mov
6、ie characters for the party. What a novel idea! She _ (穿着) Elizabethan costume for the fancy dress ball. 常用结构：be dressed in 穿着衣服be dressed as 打扮成be well dressed 衣着讲究dress oneself 穿衣，打扮dress sb. 给某人穿衣服get dressed 指动作 in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress
7、C. Dressing D. Having dressed5. trick n. C诡计；骗局；谋略；花招 One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you. 窍门，招数，手法 Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language. He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself. The trick is to keep your body
8、 still and your arms relaxed.play a trick/tricks on sb. 搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑 The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fools Day.联想拓展：play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 make fun of sb. 取笑某人laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 smile at sb. 向某人微笑make a fool of 愚弄；嘲笑用适当的介词填空。 Tom liked making fun others in public.Its bad manne
9、rs to laugh the disabled.These boys like playing tricks their teacher.He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.6. 易混辨析：gain / win / get / earn / acquiregain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。 get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。 acquire意为“获得，取得
10、”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。 Im new in the job but I have already _ experience.Please me a glass of water.His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal.He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories.After six years study, he has a good knowledge of English.7. gather vt. 1)收集；召集；使聚集(+together) He is gathering
11、 materials for a new book. The kids were gathered together in one room.2)积聚；积蓄 This cloth gathers dust. 3)收拾；摘；采集；收割(+in/up) The girl is gathering flowers. People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hall. 4)渐增 The sled gathered speed as it moved down the hill. 5)猜想,推测+(that) I gather that
12、he is the one in charge. 6)使皱起 She gathered her brows into a frown. 8. awardvt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语)；判定award sth (to sb.)award sb. sth (for sth)be awarded sth for sth The judges awarded both finalists equal points. 这位裁判判给进入决赛的选手们同样的分数.n. 奖，奖品；奖金 He got the highest award in the contest.易混辨析：award / prize /
13、rewardaward既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。 prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。 reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year. A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
14、He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 例:Three university departments have been _ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning. A. promoted B. included C. secured D. awarded9. admirevt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 They admired our garden.
15、I admire him for his success in business. Arent you going to admire my new house?admiration n.赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者admiring adj 赞赏的，羡慕的10. look forward to 期待某事/做某事(to为介词，
16、后接名词或动名词) We should look forward to the futurity. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her. A. see B. have seen C. seeing D. be seeing用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The boy hurried forward (see) the world famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to _ (see) it for
17、a long time.2.I used to _ (get) up late, but now Im used to _ (get) up early.11. as thoughas though / as if引导方式状语从句和表语从句：引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened. 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。注意:当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be时，可把主语和be一起省略。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四下张望, 好像在
18、寻找什么。引导表语从句 It looks as if its going to rain. 看样子要下雨了。as though as if从句和虚拟语气一、基本用法以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。1.当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,则不用虚拟语气 如： It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。2.as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况是当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句
19、虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时 如： You look as if you didn” t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone
20、那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow 看来好像要下雪了。二、两点说明(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏
21、了。在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述语气：I feel as if as though Im floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。The stuffed dog barked as if it is were, was a real one. 玩具狗叫起来像真狗。(2) 注意 It isnt as if的翻译：It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。It isnt as if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。The pencil
22、 looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water.Li Ming speaks English very well as though he _ (be) an Englishman. It seems as if our team (be) going to win. He talks about pyramids as though he _ (see) them himself.12. permission n. U许可，允许常用结构with/without (ones) permission 得到允许/未经允许a
23、sk sb. for permission 征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事have ones permission 得到某人的同意permit vt. 准许，许可，允许 permit sb to do sth 允许某人干某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 With your permission, Id like to say a few words. 完成句子。They entered the area _(未经允许).13. turn up出席(某活动)(常用于口语)；出现；找到；把(收音机等的)音量调大一些；到场
24、 Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days. We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up. I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?联想拓展：turn against 反对；背叛turn down （音量等）调小；拒绝turn off 关掉turn on 打开；发动turn out 结果是；证明是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn away 走开；转过脸
25、去；把打发走turn in 进入；交出；上交turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑turn into把变成He promised to come yesterday, but he hasnt _ yet. A. turned in B. turned upC. turned on D. turned out14. keep ones word 守信用；履行诺言word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。 You should _ (信守你许下的承诺). 联想拓展：break ones word 食言 get in a word 插嘴 in a/one w
26、ord=in short总而言之 in other words 换句话说 word for word 逐词have a word with sb.与某人谈话have words with sb. 与某人争吵Word came that .有消息传来15. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 The race was so close that everyone was holding his breath（屏住呼吸）at the finish. take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 out of bre
27、ath 上气不接下气，喘不过气来 After arriving at the top of the mountain, we were all _ (上气不接下气).16. apologize vi. 道歉，认错 apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb that +从句 向某人道歉 You _ (必须向你的老师道歉)for being so rude. I apologized to my mother that I went home late.apology n. 道歉，谢罪 make/offer an apo
28、logy to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉 I must _ (向她道歉) for not going to her party. 17. obvious It is / was obvious/clear that .= obviously / clearly, .表示“很明显，显而易见”，属于It is / was + adj. / n. /p.p. + that clause 结构。 It is necessary / important / natural / strange + that +
29、 sb. should do sth. 做某事是有必要的/重要的/自然的、竟然怎样。 It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that + sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人竟然/应该 It is said / reported / announced / expected / . + that .据说/报道/宣布/预计 Its suggested / ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人（做）某事 Its no harm drinking running water in that area. It w
30、as quite clear that they had no desire for peace. _ used to be thought that the earth was square. A. He B. What C. It D. That17. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.联想拓展:set off for a place 出发到某地set a
31、bout doing sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事set out 从某地出发上路set out to do sth.开始做某事set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留金钱或时间set down记下、写下用set相关短语的适当形式填空。The new government must finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. The children the fireworks(烟花) in the yard. She a bit of money
32、every month.They a statue in honour of the national hero.Theyve on a journey round the world.19. remind vt. 提醒；使想起常用结构:remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that .提醒某人/使某人想起 I reminded Gerald of his promise. Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.20. s
33、tarve 1) vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望，急需要（die / long） The plants _ (急需要水). They got lost in the desert and starved to death.2) vt. 使挨饿，使饿死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight.starvation n. 挨饿；饿死常用结构：starve for sth. 渴望得到starve to do sth. 渴望去做某事starve to death 饿死be starved to death 饿死be starved of极需，缺乏starve
34、sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事Many people _ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies. A. were starved of B. starved to C. were starved D. starved for21. feast n. 盛会，宴会 a wedding feast a feast of colours a feast for the eyes 大饱眼福 the feast of Christmas The evening was a
35、 real feast for music lovers.v. (on / upon sth) We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer. feast ones eyes on尽情欣赏(艺术品景色等)22. arrival n.1)到达 We apologize for the late arrival of the train. There are 120 arrivals and departures every day.2)到达者 Were expecting a new arrival in the family
36、 soon. With the arrival of Johns friends, the party became really enjoyable.23. independence n.U独立,自主(from sb/sth) Cuba _（独立于）Spain in 1898. The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country He values his financial independence. independent adj.独立的(of sb/sth)、自主的(of sb/sth) The polic
37、e force should be independent of direct government control. Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions.24. clothing n. (总称)衣服，服装U Check your belongings and make sure you dont leave your articles of clothing behind. Food, clothing and shelter are everyones priorities.易混辨析：clothing /
38、 clothes / clothclothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.Its cold outside. Youd better put on more .How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?25. custo
39、m n. 风俗、习俗 It is the custom (for sb) to do sth做是一种习俗/惯例 Social customs are different from country to country. It is the custom for an Arab to stand close to his friend when talking.易混辨析：custom / habit custom“风俗习惯”，即社会或团体许多人长期形成的习惯。habit指一个人的习惯、习性。26. drown vt. drown sth with / in 把某物浸泡在液体中 be drowne
40、d in 沉浸在 a drowning man 快要淹死的人 like a drowned rat （湿的）像落汤鸡 He would drown his sadness in coffee.27. forgive vi. & vt. 原谅；饶恕forgive sb for (doing) sth. 原谅某人（做）某事forgive sb/sth. 原谅某人/某事forgive sb sth. 原谅某人某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 Please forgive him for rudeness.Reading:长句难句： 1. At that time people w
41、ould starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months .在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。Starve (v.)1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数百万人挨饿至死。2) starve for sth ; starve sb o
42、f sth: ( cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children were starved for love. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。3) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态 When will dinner be ready? Im starving. 晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。starvation (n.) :(U) suffering or death caused by lac
43、k of food 挨饿；饿死 die of starvation 饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资2. or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. 或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也可能带来危害。harm (1) (n.): damage, injury 损害；伤害 do harm to sb = harm sb 伤害某人do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利 If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than g