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1、He has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。比较比较 have/has been to have/has gone toHe went to Shanghai last week. 他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过上海去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经他已经去上海了去上海了 也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了也许已经到了,也许还在路上也许还在路上,反正他人不在这
2、里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上海迄今为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了 现在还在上海现在还在上海没有离开呢没有离开呢辨析这些句子辨析这些句子由时态导致的由时态导致的含义上的差别含义上的差别现在完成时（三）现在完成时（三）现在完成时现在完成时构成构成用法用法常用状语常用状语1. have + 动词过去分词动词过去分词2. has +动词过去分词动词过去分词表示某一
3、动作或状态表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间一直从过去某一时间一直持续到现在持续到现在for+一段时间一段时间since + 过去某一时间过去某一时间现在完成时现在完成时: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 或从过去或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态, 强调的是现在的情况强调的是现在的情况, 不能和表示过去的时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用间状语连用(如如: in 1990, last Sunday 等等)。The car has arrived.车子来了。车子来了。Some
4、one has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。有人把窗户打破了。现在完现在完成时成时 have / has + v-ed(过去分词过去分词)(结果结果: 车子已在门口车子已在门口)(结果结果: 窗户仍破着窗户仍破着) 现在完成时句子通常现在完成时句子通常有有since, for, in the past few months/years等词做时间状语。等词做时间状语。肯定形式：肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：否定形式：have/has + not + done一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have或或has放于句首。放于句首。 nowpastfuture一
5、般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作始并持续到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响在过去却对现在造成的影响 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响现在的
6、影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）道了。）2）一般过去时一般过去时 现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具具体的时间状语体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never,
7、 just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语 （错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. since 用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 “自从自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达长达” I have lived here for twenty years. I
8、 have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比较比较since和和for3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是动词一般是延续性的延续性的，如，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die
9、, finish, become,get married等。等。 三年前我成为了一名老师。三年前我成为了一名老师。I became a teacher three years ago. 我当老师三年了。我当老师三年了。I have been a teacher for three years.短暂性动词转延续性动词：短暂性动词转延续性动词：borrowdiemarrycomebecomekeepbe deadbe marriedbe herebe短暂性动词转延续性动词：短暂性动词转延续性动词：beginbuyfinishgoleavejoinbe onhavebe overbe therebe
10、 away frombe in终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词He bought a computer last week.He has had a computer since last week.He has had a computer for a week.终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词She borrowed a book in July.She borrowed a book two months ago.She has kept the book since July.She has kept the book for two month
11、s终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词His grandfather died in 2004.His grandfather died four years ago.His grandfather has been dead since 2004.His grandfather has been dead for four years.终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词The orchestra arrived in Dalian last week.The orchestra arrived in Dalian a week ago.The orchest
12、ra has been in Dalian since last week.The orchestra has been in Dalian for a week.终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词The film started at 7 oclock.The film has been on since 7 oclock.The film has been on for half an hour.单项选择。单项选择。1. I _ a teacher for ten years. A. am B. have been C. be2. I _ the last page of
13、 the book last night. A. read B. have read C. am reading3. He _ the Army in 1999. A. has joined B. joins C. joined4. Project Hope _ 2,000,000 people since 1989. A. trained B. has trained C. train5. Mary and Jack _ each other for nearly 12 years. A. know B. knew C. have known6. Its important for me _ a good mark in the exam. A. to get B. get C. getting