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1、xxxx 年年 1212 月英语六级阅读专项练习题及答案月英语六级阅读专项练习题及答案A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that itis easy to forget just how plex it is. There are manyvarieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it isfairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficultto spot the grades.B) It needs to
2、be understood that most paper and cardis manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst thecorn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly notsomething destined for the archives. It is made to lookgood, but only needs a limited life span. It is also muchcheaper to manufacture than high grade ca
3、rd.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety ofcellulose-based material which will include many woods,cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and fromwhere we get the word paper. Many of these are veryspecialized, but the preponderance of paper making has beenfrom soft wood and
4、cotton or rags, with the bulk beingwood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to bebroken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerfulmachinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such ascaustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers isproduced. It is from this pulp
5、that the final product ismade, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose intolayers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence ofpaper making from wood. However, the reality is rather moreplicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, themakers will add bleach and other material
6、s such as chinaclay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains amaterial that is not cellulose. Something called lignin.This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulosefibres together, but if it is incorporated into themanufactured paper it presents archiv
7、ists with a problem.Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid productsinto the paper. This will weaken the bond between thecellulose fibers and the paper will bee brittle and lookrather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in oldnewspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimatedt
8、hat most paper back books will have a life of not greaterthan fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulpduring manufacture, the obvious question is why is it leftin the paper? The answer lies in the fact that ligninmakes up a considerable pa
9、rt of the tree. By leaving thelignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paperyield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield ofonly 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin formany paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper isgoing to be
10、 more expensive, but that is nevertheless whatthe archivist must look for in his supplies. There is nopoint whatsoever in carefully placing our valuableartifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten theirdemise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographicmaterials, causing them to fade and is s
11、ome cases simplyvanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or cardfrom one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simplylooking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always relyon the label. Acid-free might be true inasmuch as a teston the paper may indicate that it is a neutral mater
12、ial atthis time. But lignin can take years before it starts theinevitable process of breaking down, and in the rightconditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, papermay also contain other materials added during manufacturesuch as bleach, china clay, chemical
13、 whiteners and size.This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but forthe fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee thematerial that they sell. If you want to be absolutely surethat you are storing in, or printing on, the correctmaterial then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentall
14、y, acids can migrate from material tomaterial. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-freepaper will do little to guard the contents. The acid willget there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also monly made from cotton and rag waste.This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but becauseth
15、ere is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tendsto be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You willstill need to purchase from a reliable source though, sinceeven rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is arecognized art stockie
16、st. Many water color artists insiston using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information isthat you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials fromthe high street. The only safe solution is to purchase fromspecialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, bu
17、t in theend you will know that your important and valuable data andimages have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high gradecard.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used formaking paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood,cotton and rags.3. During the whole
18、manufacturing process, the finalproduct is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makerswill add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will makepaper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin duringmanufacture, because leaving
19、the lignin will make morepaper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographicmaterials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paperwill be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton andrag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paperbecause there i
20、s much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from Paper from Rag is that youhad better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。1.B根据题干中的信息提示词 cornflake packet,high gradecard,可定位到文章第二段，该局部最后提到 corn-flake packet 在制造过程中比
21、高等级的纸(high grade card)廉价.2.C根据题干中的信息提示词 soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。3.D根据题干中的信息提示词 final product，可将答案定位到 D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品纤维素纸浆。4.D根据题干中的信息提示词 white paper and card，可将答案定位到 D 段，该局部最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白剂和其他化学物质。5.E根据题干中的信息提示词 essential for the tree，可将答案定位到 E 段，该局部提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤
22、维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。6.F根据题干中的信息提示词 lignin，可将答案定位到 F 段，该局部最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保存木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。7.G根据题干中的信息提示词 acid，可将答案定位到 G 段，该局部最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。8.F根据题干中的信息提示词 lignin 和 paper 可定位到文章的 F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。9.K根据题干中的信息提示词 cotton and rag waste 可定位到文章的 K 段，该局部告诉我们
23、，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。10.M根据题干中的信息提示词 Paper from Ra9 可定位到文章的最后一段，该局部提出最好到专业的供给商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案A) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed theway in which academic and business presentations are made.This article outlines few tips on making more effectiv
24、e andattractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active,visual language. Cut unnecessary wordsa good rule ofthumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentencesinto phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the numberof words and lines per slide. Try the
25、Rule of Five-fivewords per line, five lines per slide. If too much textappears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split itbetween two slides. Click within the placeholder to displaythe AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontallines with arrows above and below), then click on thebutt
26、on and choose Split Text between Two Slides from thesubmenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40,while the text body should not be smaller than 24.Use onlytwo font styles per slideone for the title and the otherfor the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast witheach other. Gara
27、mond Medium Condensed and Impact are goodfor titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used forthe text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are notsure whether the fonts used in the presentation are presentin the puter that will be used for the presentation. Toembed the fonts: (1
28、) On the File menu, click Save As. (2)On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select theEmbed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embedcharacters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You mayuse one color for all the titles and another for the textbody. Be consist
29、ent from slide to slide. Choose a fontcolor that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is goodfor the title of slides and suggests a more formalsituation than having just the first letter of the firstword capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize thefi
30、rst word and no other words unless they normally appearcapped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readablethan all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicatethat using all capital letters means you are shouting. Ifyou have text that is in the wrong case, select the text,and then click Sh
31、ift+F3 until it changes to the case stylethat you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text casebetween ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoidunderlining, it clutters up the presentation.Dont centerbulleted lists or text. It is confusing to
32、 read. Left alignunless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check”on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, lighttextured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures makethe content hard to read. If you are planning to use manyclips in your slides, sel
33、ect a white background. If thevenue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof,select a dark-colored background and use any light colorfor text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” suchas sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions.Dont use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It
34、 is anemotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see andread.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash andmotion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely tooheavily on those images that were originally loaded on yourputer with the rest of Office. You can easily findappr
35、opriate clips on any topic through Google Images. Whilesearching for images, do not use long search phrases as isusually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they aresmaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Largerfiles can slow down y
36、our show. Keep graphs, charts anddiagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie chartsinstead of tables of data. The audience can thenimmediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open inthe slide show view, save it as a slide show file usin
37、g thefollowing steps. Open the presentation you want to save asa slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Saveas type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show filewill be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start yourpresentation
38、in slide show view. When youre done,PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to thedesktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you canalways open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the Filemenu.L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, wheneverpossible. If using a laser pointer, do
39、nt move it too fast.For example, if circling a number on the slide, do itslowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black outthe screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point hasbeen made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again tocontinue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut ma
40、nd CtrlP to aess thePen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse anddrag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. Toerase everything youve drawn, press the E key. To turnoff the Pen tool, press Esc once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allowyou to make c
41、hanges that are reflected on every slide inyour presentation. You can change fonts, colors,backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide”level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the“Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You maynow make changes at this level that meet your pres
42、entationneeds.1. The ways in which academic and businesspresentations are made have been changed by MicrosoftPowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the textshould not be plicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and thetext should contrast with each other.4. A more f
43、ormal situation is capitalizing the firstletter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help toread.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently aspossible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they aresmaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you s
44、hould look at theaudience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everythingyouve drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you canmake changes at the “slide master”1.AA 段讲到了微软的 PowerPoint 对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。2.B根据题干中的信息词 wording of the text 定位到第一个小标题下的第一段
45、。3.C根据题干中的信息词 the font styles for the title andthe text 定位到 C 段。4.F根据题干中的信息词 more formal situation 和 capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的 F 段。5.G根据题干中的信息词 Centering bulleted lists or text 定位到第一个小标题下的 G 段。6.H根据题干中的信息词 Sound effects 定位到第二个小标题下的H 段，Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such assound effects。7.J根据题干中的信息词 importing 和 two megabytes 定位到第三个小标题下的 J 段。8.L根据题干中的信息词 look at the audience 定位到第四个小标题下的 L 段。9.M根据题干中的信息词 Pressing the E key 定位到第四个小标题下的 M 段。10.N根据题干中的信息词 make changes at the “slide master”level 定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。