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1、-常用数学术语的英语表达-第 6 页常用数学术语的英语表达：1立方 one cubic1平方米 one square metre几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane直线 a straight曲线 curved line近似值 an approximate value垂直线 a vertical水平线 a horizontal line三角形的底the base of a triangle三角形的两个腰the two sides of a triangle直角 a rigt angle锐角 an acute angle钝角 an obtuse angle长方形 a re
2、ctangle正方形 a square多边形 a polygon圆心 the centre of a circle圆的直径 the diameter of a circle圆的半径 the radius of a circle半圆 a semicircle 弧 an arc圆柱体 a cylinder球体 a spheroid常用加减乘除的英语表达：四加五等于九 If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 或：If you add 4 and 5, you get 9.五与四的和是九 4 and 5 are / make 9. 或：The sum of 5 and 4 is 9
3、. 或：Four plus five equals nine.五减二等于三 If you take 2 from 5, you get 3. 或：5 minus 2 equals 3.五与二之差为三 The difference between 5 and 2 is 3.二乘三等于六 2 times 3 is / equals 6. 或：3 multiplied by 2 equals 6.二与三的积为六 The proudct of 2 and 3 is 6.六除以二等于三 If you divide 6 by 2, the answer is 3. 或：If you divide 2 in
4、to 6, the answer is 3. 或：6 divided by 2 equals 3.比较两个数字大小的英语表达：6大于5 6 is greater than 5. 或：6 is more than 5.6小于7 6 is less than 7.平方、立方及四次方的英语表达：3的平方等于9 The square of 3 is 9.3的立方等于27 The cube of 3 is 27.3的四次方等于81 The fourth power of 3 is / equals 81.平方根立方根的英语表达：9的平方根为3 The square root of 9 is 3.27的立
5、方根为3 The cube root of 27 is 3.正比反比的英语表达：A与B成正比 A is in direct proportion to B.A与B成反比 A is in inverse proportion to B.两直线平行或垂直的英语表达：直线AB平行于直线CD Line AB is parallel to Line CD直线AB垂直于直线CD Line AB is perpendicular to Line CD代数部分1。有关数学运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除 divisibl
6、e可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数 quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号 roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2。有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3。有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式
7、triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程x+6=22)4。有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母 quarter四分之一decimal frac
8、tion纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5。基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数，底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cuberoot立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量 inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的 factor
9、ization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.|-32|=32round off四舍五入6。有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number 奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数，有理数irrational(nu
10、mber)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数 e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common r
11、atio公比7。数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号 proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位，位几何部分8。所有的角alternate angle内错
12、角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角 round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角9。所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles t
13、riangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形10。有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆 concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon 七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形tra
14、pezoid梯形11。其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形12.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体 circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的13.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volum
15、e体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线interc
16、ept截距14.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标 ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面15.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切 intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的 multilateral多边的其它1.单位类cent美分penn
17、y一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码 meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平