《常用国际法词汇(23页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《常用国际法词汇(23页).doc（23页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、-常用国际法词汇-第 23 页常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果格劳秀斯Universal/ general/ special international law 普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际
2、法的编纂International Law Commission（the ILC）（联合国）国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派 Positivists 实在法学派 Gratians 格老秀斯派（Compromise school“折中”学派 ）social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress
3、of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element“物质因素”psychological element“心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris“法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings/wr
4、itings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic/ municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption/incorporation采纳/纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of internatio
5、nal lawjus cogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptory norm Sovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件Humanitarian intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体In
6、ternational personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states/union of states复合国/国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸
7、国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected/protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖 Personal jurisdiction/jurisd
8、iction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖 Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of stat
9、es and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义，如，史汀
10、生主义（the Stimson doctrine ）Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive/non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务ma
11、licious debt“恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international lawInternationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability/attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道
12、歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任 activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cessio
13、n割让Conquest征服Plebiscite/referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管 lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 联合国海
14、洋法公约 Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”the low water lineStraight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（EEZ ）Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行Internationalstraits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freed
15、om of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of ter
16、ritorial airspace 领空主权Stateaircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liabilit
17、y严格责任原则The principle of liabilityfault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触/冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhausti
18、on of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照 Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferentialtreatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extrate
19、rritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使charg daffaires （法）代办Persona non gra
20、ta （拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES
21、国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公/专约 treaty条约agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general/final) act (总/最后)文件(additional/final )protocol(附加/最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言join
22、t declaration/statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approva
23、l批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守（拉丁）application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行 invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用mate
24、rial breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更 PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable/non-justiciable dispute可裁判的/不可裁判的争端amicable/compulsive settlement和谐/强迫解决方法Political methods /legal methods of settle
25、ments政治/法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry/investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法
26、院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官” 或“特别法官” （special judge） Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written/oral proceedings书面/口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial
27、 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations（UN ）联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making /votingsystem 决策/表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会V
28、eto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制） The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动
29、） 复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）常见名词：n 属地管辖权 国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权n 无害通过 引渡 庇护过境通行n 全权证书 造法性条约草签n 添附 继有国籍人类共同继承财产n 否决权 斡旋安理会国际法院n 登临权 紧追权 平行开发制n 协定管辖 任意强制管辖复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）n 思考题：n 论国际法与国内法之间的关系。n 你认为国际法效力的根据是什么？n 简述国家给予外国人待遇的标准。n 概述使馆特权与豁免的内容。n 请尽量列举联合国海洋法公约中规定的主要海域。n 试述国际法院的管辖权。n 你对五大国的“否决权”有何看法？ n 简述国际海底区域的法律地位。n 概述国际法上国家管辖权。n 试比较毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架的法律地位。n 联合国组织的宗旨有哪些？n 引渡的主要规则有哪些？n 请说明使馆的职务有哪些？n 试比较国家继承与政府继承的区别。n 试述联合国在维持国际和平与安全方面的作用。n 现代国际法是否绝对地禁止了国家使用武力？为什么？n 对联合国的未来你有何预测？你有什么好的改革设计？