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1、How To Write a Summary(记叙文概括记叙文概括) 高三备考资料高三备考资料Summary is a short passage giving the main points of an original article.What is a summary?What should we pay attention to when we write a summary?文体文体时态时态人称人称主题主题write a summary记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文记叙文的概括：记叙文的概括：1、时态、时态2、人称、人称3、_5要素要素11 11月月考读写任务：月月考读写任务：
2、时态、人称、时态、人称、5要素要素Who What How Whenwhere(a student) Alan Reedwas mistakenly given $50 extra by a bank clerk returned the money after consideration; impressed the clerk with his honesty The story was about Alan who was mistakenly given $50 extra by a bank clerk. He finally returned it after considerat
3、ion. The clerk was impressed and contacted the newspaper to praise his honesty. (33 words)A possible version:* Read the criteria(评分标准评分标准) carefully* Compare it with your version* Find out how you can improve your summaryPractice makes perfect!Practice 1: I dont have many unhappy memories but one sa
4、d story took place on my last birthday. Before the birthday, I worked out a plan with my parents. We planned to have dinner together in McDonalds, my favourite restaurant. Then we would go to the Xinghai Concert Hall for a concert given by a group of famous young singers. And the most exciting thing
5、, of course, was the birthday presents. They promised to give me a new MP3 player. However, something unexpected happened on that day. I went home as early as I could. I waited and waited but my parents didnt come back. I felt angry at first and then upset. How could they treat me this way? They alw
6、ays forgot me just because they were busy with their work. Yes, they were always busy. They broke their promise and got home late. After that, my grandmother had a talk with me to help me understand my parents situation and that made me feel much better.文体：文体：_ 时态：时态：_ 人称：人称：_记叙文记叙文一般过去时一般过去时(The wr
7、iter/author) He Exchange your answer with your partners5要素要素Who What How WhenwhereThe author/writer, hefelt angry and upset because his parents forgot to celebrate his birthday with himunderstood his parents after talking with his grandmotheron his last birthday The author described what happened on
8、 his last birthday. He felt disappointed because his parents couldnt have the celebration with him. But he came to understand them after talking to his grandmother.A possible version:Tips:概括不用第一人称概括不用第一人称Practice 2: A little boy is telling his Grandma how “everything” is going wrong. School, family
9、problem, severe health problems, etc. Meanwhile, Grandma is baking a cake. She asks her grandson if he would like a cake, which, of course, he does. “Here, have some cooking oil.” “Terrible!” says the boy. “How about a couple raw eggs?” “Terrible! Grandma!” “Would you like some flour then? Or maybe
10、baking soda?” “Grandma, those are all awful!” To which Grandma replies, “Yes, all those things seem bad by themselves, but when they are put together in the right way, they make a wonderfully delicious cake! “Life works the same way. Many times we wonder why it would let us go through such bad and d
11、ifficult times. But life knows that when it puts these things all in its order, they always work for good! “The trials(考验考验) of life serve a meaningful purpose in making us stronger. Do not lose heart if life is not easy for you right now, but encourage yourself and know you will be much stronger me
12、ntally and physically because of the trials of life.”Exchange your answer with your partners5要素要素Who What How Whenwhere文体：文体：_ 时态：时态：_ 人称：人称：_记叙文记叙文(a little boy) he, a little boycomplained to his grandma about his problems compared problems to cake materials; trials make us stronger A boy complaine
13、d about difficulties in life. His grandmother, who showed that a cake tasted delicious but its materials tasted awful, taught him that the trials of life make people stronger.A possible version:Tips:根据文章主题定好关键词根据文章主题定好关键词Practice 3: One beautiful spring day a red rose came out in a forest. As it loo
14、ked around, a pine tree nearby said, “What a beautiful flower! I wish I was that lovely.” Another tree said, “Dont be sad, we cant have everything.”The red rose looked at a cactus (仙人掌仙人掌) and said, “ What an ugly plant full of thorns (刺刺)!” The pine tree said, “ Red rose, what kind of talk is this?
15、 Who can say what beauty is? You have thorns too.”The proud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said, “You dont know what beauty is. You cant compare me to a cactus.” Spring passed, and the weather became very warm. Life became difficult as no rain fell. The red rose was dying. One day the red r
16、ose saw birds suck water from the cactus. “Doesnt it hurt when they bite into the cactus?” asked the red rose. “Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer,” replied the pine. “The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help.” But the red rose felt too ashamed of its pa
17、st words to ask.Exchange your answer with your partners5要素要素Who What How Whenwhere文体：文体：_ 时态：时态：_ 人称：人称：_（记叙文）寓言（记叙文）寓言a beautiful roselaughed at the cactus for its appearancefelt ashamed when she saw the cactus giving water to help the birds Once a beautiful proud rose, which was admired by other p
18、lants, teased the cactus for its appearance. However, when the weather became dry, the rose felt ashamed of itself as she saw the cactus providing others with water.Score: 4-5 A proud rose thinks that its superior to other plants in the forest because of its beauty. But it later learn that beauty is
19、 not the only thing when it sees the cactus helping thirsty birds.A possible version:Tips:明晰主干（主题）（主角）明晰主干（主题）（主角）A summary must:include the main idea in your own words.人称、时态、人称、时态、5要素要素 （记叙文）（记叙文）把握主题、关键词把握主题、关键词用好关联词用好关联词(but, because, so ), 表达清晰表达清晰方法方法+练习练习+反思反思include the main idea in your own
20、words.include supporting ideas.not include your own opinions.include some shortest transitional words.SummaryA summary must: A summary must: phrases with similar meaningdifferent sentence patternsConclusion:Tips for writing a summary1. Read the passage for overall content and identify the structure
21、or style.2. Reread carefully, highlighting the key words, phrases, and sentences.3. In your final draft, insert transitional words and phrases where necessary. Combine sentences for a smooth, logical flow of ideas.More techniques: Skill1: Omit (省略省略) the details Skill2: Omit the repetitions Skill3:
22、Omit the examples Skill4: Use general(概括性概括性) words instead of specific(具体的具体的) words Skill5: Use the shortest possible transitions (but, then, thus, yet, for)1.Change unnecessary clauses into phrases2. Change useless phrases into single words 3.Change the sentence structure(结构结构)4.Change the voice(
23、语态语态) of the sentence5.Use the synonyms(同义词同义词)About the language概括所给短文内容要点概括所给短文内容要点写作具体方法和要求写作具体方法和要求1.1.注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话自己的话来写；来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文连贯。概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文连贯。2. 概括要做到概括要做到开门见山开门见山1) According to the passage, we know2) This article is mainly about3) The writer states that3. 概括要概括要抓住要点抓住要点,语言精练语言精练.