化学手册常用数据.doc

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1、无机酸在水溶液中的解离常数（25）名称化学式KapKa备注偏铝酸HAlO26.310-1312.20亚砷酸H3AsO36.010-109.22砷 酸H3AsO46.310-3 (K1)2.201.0510-7 (K 2)6.983.210-12 (K3)11.50硼 酸H3BO35.810-10 (K1)9.241.810-13 (K2)12.741.610-14 (K3)13.80次溴酸HBrO2.410-98.62氢氰酸HCN6.210-109.21碳 酸H2CO3 4.210-7(K1)6.385.610-11(K2)10.25次氯酸HClO3.210-87.50氢氟酸HF6.6110-

2、4 3.18锗 酸H2GeO31.710-9 (K1)8.781.910-13(K2)12.72高碘酸HIO42.810-21.56亚硝酸HNO25.110-43.29次磷酸H3PO25.910-21.23亚磷酸H3PO35.010-2 (K1)1.302.510-7 (K2)6.60磷 酸H3PO47.5210-3(K1)2.126.3110-8(K2)7.204.410-13(K3)12.36焦磷酸H4P2O73.010-2 (K1)1.524.410-3 (K2)2.362.510-7 (K3)6.605.610-10 (K4)9.25氢硫酸H2S1.310-7 (K1)6.887.11

3、0-15 (K2)14.15亚硫酸H2SO31.2310-2 (K1)1.916.610-8 (K2)7.18硫 酸H2SO41.0103 (K1)-3.01.0210-2 (K2)1.99硫代硫酸H2S2O32.5210-1(K1)0.601.910-2(K2)1.72氢硒酸H2Se1.310-4(K1)3.891.010-11(K2)11.0亚硒酸H2SeO32.710-3(K1)2.572.510-7(K2)6.60硒 酸H2SeO41103 (K1)-3.01.210-2 (K2)1.92硅 酸H2SiO31.710-10 (K1)9.771.610-12 (K2)11.80亚碲酸H2

4、TeO32.710-3 (K1)2.571.810-8 (K2)7.74一些重要的物理常数真空中的光速C=2.997 924 58108m.s-1电子的电荷e=1.602 177 3310-19C原子质量单位u=1.660 540 210-27kg质子静质量mp=1.672 623 110-27kg中子静质量mn=1.674 954 310-27kg电子静质量me=9.109 389 710-31kg理想气体摩尔体积Vm=2.241 41010-2m3.mol-1摩尔气体常数R=8.314 510J.mol-1.k-1阿佛加德罗常数NA=6.022 136 71023mol-1里德堡常数R=1

5、.097 373 153 4107m-1法拉第常数F=9.648 530 9104mol-1普朗克常数h=6.626 075 510-34J.s玻尔兹曼常数k=1.380 65810-23J.k-1有机酸在水溶液中的解离常数（25）名称化学式KapKa甲 酸HCOOH1.810-43.75乙 酸CH3COOH1.7410-54.76乙醇酸CH2(OH)COOH1.4810-43.83草 酸(COOH)25.410-2(K1)1.275.410-5(K2)4.27甘氨酸CH2(NH2)COOH1.710-109.78一氯乙酸CH2ClCOOH1.410-32.86二氯乙酸CHCl2COOH5.0

6、10-21.30三氯乙酸CCl3COOH2.010-10.70丙 酸CH3CH2COOH1.3510-54.87丙烯酸CH2CHCOOH5.510-54.26乳酸(丙醇酸)CH3CHOHCOOH1.410-43.86丙二酸HOCOCH2COOH1.410-3(K1)2.852.210-6(K2)5.662-丙炔酸HCCCOOH1.2910-21.89甘油酸HOCH2CHOHCOOH2.2910-43.64丙酮酸CH3COCOOH3.210-32.49a-丙胺酸CH3CHNH2COOH1.3510-109.87b-丙胺酸CH2NH2CH2COOH4.410-1110.36正丁酸CH3(CH2)2

7、COOH1.5210-54.82异丁酸(CH3)2CHCOOH1.4110-54.853-丁烯酸CH2CHCH2COOH2.110-54.68异丁烯酸CH2C(CH2)COOH2.210-54.66反丁烯二酸(富马酸)HOCOCHCHCOOH9.310-4(K1)3.033.610-5(K2)4.44顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)HOCOCHCHCOOH1.210-2(K1)1.925.910-7(K2)6.23酒石酸HOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH1.0410-3(K1)2.984.5510-5(K2)4.34正戊酸CH3(CH2)3COOH 1.410-54.86异戊酸(CH3)2CHCH2

8、COOH1.6710-54.782-戊烯酸CH3CH2CHCHCOOH2.010-54.703-戊烯酸CH3CHCHCH2COOH3.010-54.524-戊烯酸CH2CHCH2CH2COOH2.1010-54.677戊二酸HOCO(CH2)3COOH1.710-4(K1)3.778.310-7(K2)6.08谷氨酸HOCOCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH7.410-3(K1)2.134.910-5(K2)4.314.410-10 (K3)9.358正己酸CH3(CH2)4COOH1.3910-54.86异己酸(CH3)2CH(CH2)3COOH1.4310-54.85(E)-2-己烯酸H(

9、CH2)3CHCHCOOH1.810-54.74(E)-3-己烯酸CH3CH2CHCHCH2COOH1.910-54.72己二酸HOCOCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH3.810-5(K1)4.423.910-6(K2)5.41柠檬酸HOCOCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH7.410-4(K1)3.131.710-5(K2)4.764.010-7(K3)6.40苯 酚C6H5OH1.110-109.96邻苯二酚(o)C6H4(OH)23.610-109.451.610-1312.8间苯二酚(m)C6H4(OH)23.610-10(K1)9.308.7110-12(K2)11.06对苯

10、二酚(p)C6H4(OH)21.110-109.962,4,6-三硝基苯酚2,4,6-(NO2)3C6H2OH 5.110-10.29葡萄糖酸CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH1.410-43.86苯甲酸C6H5COOH6.310-54.20水杨酸C6H4(OH)COOH1.0510-3(K1)2.984.1710-13(K2)12.38邻硝基苯甲酸(o)NO2C6H4COOH6.610-32.18间硝基苯甲酸(m)NO2C6H4COOH3.510-43.46对硝基苯甲酸(p)NO2C6H4COOH3.610-43.44邻苯二甲酸(o)C6H4(COOH)21.110-3(K1)2.964.01

11、0-6(K2)5.40间苯二甲酸(m)C6H4(COOH)22.410-4(K1)3.622.510-5(K2)4.60对苯二甲酸(p)C6H4(COOH)22.910-4(K1)3.543.510-5(K2)4.461,3,5-苯三甲酸C6H3(COOH)37.610-3(K1)2.127.910-5(K2)4.106.610-6(K3)5.18苯基六羧酸C6(COOH)62.110-1(K1)0.686.210-3(K2)2.213.010-4(K3)3.528.110-6(K4)5.094.810-7(K5)6.323.210-8(K6)7.49癸二酸HOOC(CH2)8COOH2.61

12、0-5(K1)4.592.610-6(K2)5.59乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) CH2N(CH2COOH)2CH2N(CH2COOH)21.010-2(K1)2.02.1410-3(K2)2.676.9210-7(K3)6.165.510-11(K4)10.26无机碱在水溶液中的解离常数（25）名称化学式KbpKb氢氧化铝Al(OH)31.3810-9(K3)8.86氢氧化银AgOH1.1010-43.96氢氧化钙Ca(OH)23.7210-32.433.9810-21.40氨 水NH3+H2O1.7810-54.75肼（联氨）N2H4+H2O9.5510-7(K1)6.021.2610-15(

13、K2)14.9羟 氨NH2OH+H2O9.1210-98.04氢氧化铅Pb(OH)29.5510-4(K1)3.023.010-8(K2)7.52氢氧化锌Zn(OH)29.5510-43.02有机碱在水溶液中的解离常数（25）名称化学式KbpKb甲胺CH3NH24.1710-43.38尿素（脲）CO(NH2)21.510-1413.82乙胺CH3CH2NH24.2710-43.37乙醇胺H2N(CH2)2OH3.1610-54.50乙二胺H2N(CH2)2NH28.5110-5(K1)4.077.0810-8(K2)7.15二甲胺(CH3)2NH5.8910-43.23三甲胺(CH3)3N6.

14、3110-54.20三乙胺(C2H5)3N5.2510-43.28丙胺C3H7NH23.7010-43.432异丙胺i-C3H7NH24.3710-43.361,3-丙二胺NH2(CH2)3NH22.9510-4(K1)3.533.0910-6(K2)5.511,2-丙二胺CH3CH(NH2)CH2NH25.2510-5(K1)4.284.0510-8(K2)7.393三丙胺(CH3CH2CH2)3N4.5710-43.34三乙醇胺(HOCH2CH2)3N5.7510-76.24丁胺C4H9NH24.3710-43.36异丁胺C4H9NH22.5710-43.59叔丁胺C4H9NH24.841

15、0-43.315己胺H(CH2)6NH24.3710-43.36辛胺H(CH2)8NH24.4710-43.35苯胺C6H5NH23.9810-109.40苄胺C7H9N2.2410-54.65环己胺C6H11NH24.3710-43.36吡啶C5H5N1.4810-98.83六亚甲基四胺(CH2)6N41.3510-98.872-氯酚C6H5ClO3.5510-65.453-氯酚C6H5ClO1.2610-54.904-氯酚C6H5ClO2.6910-54.57邻氨基苯酚(o)H2NC6H4OH5.210-54.281.910-54.72间氨基苯酚(m)H2NC6H4OH7.410-54.1

16、36.810-54.17对氨基苯酚(p)H2NC6H4OH2.010-43.703.210-65.50邻甲苯胺(o)CH3C6H4NH22.8210-109.55间甲苯胺(m)CH3C6H4NH25.1310-109.29对甲苯胺(p)CH3C6H4NH21.2010-98.928-羟基喹啉(20)8-HOC9H6N6.510-54.19二苯胺(C6H5)2NH7.9410-1413.1联苯胺H2NC6H4C6H4NH25.0110-10(K1)9.304.2710-11 (K2)10.37pH标准缓冲溶液名称配 制 不同温度时的pH值0510152025303540草酸盐标准缓冲溶液cKH3

17、(C2O4)22H2O为0.05mol/L。称取12.71g四草酸钾KH3(C2O4)22H2O溶于无二氧化碳的水中，稀释至1000ml1.671.671.671.671.681.681.691.691.69不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-1.701.711.721.721.741.771.791.81-酒石酸盐标准缓冲溶液在25时，用无二氧化碳的水溶解外消旋的酒石酸氢钾(KHC4H4O6)，并剧烈振摇至成饱和溶液不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)051015202530

18、3540-3.563.553.553.55不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-3.553.553.553.563.583.613.653.67-苯二甲酸氢盐标准缓冲溶液c(C6H4CO2HCO2K)为0.05mol/L，称取于(115.05.0)干燥 23h的邻苯二甲酸氢钾（KHC8H4O4）10.21g，溶于无CO2的蒸馏水，并稀释至1000ml（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)05101520253035404.004.004.004.004.00

19、4.014.014.024.04不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-4.054.064.084.094.134.164.214.23-磷酸盐标准缓冲溶液分别称取在(115.05.0)干燥23h的磷酸氢二钠（Na2HPO4）(353001)g和磷酸二氢钾（KH2PO4） (339001)g，溶于预先煮沸过1530min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)05101520253035406.986.956.926.9

20、06.886.866.856.846.84不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-6.836.836.836.846.856.866.886.89-硼酸盐标准缓冲溶液c(Na2B4O710H2O)称取硼砂（Na2B4O710H2O）(380 001)g（注意：不能烘！），溶于预先煮沸过 1530min并迅速冷却的蒸馏水中，并稀释至1000ml。置聚乙烯塑料瓶中密闭保存。存放时要防止空气中的CO2的进入（注：可用于酸度计校准）不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)05101520253

21、035409.469.409.339.279.229.189.149.109.06不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-9.049.018.998.968.928.898.858.83-氢氧化钙标准缓冲溶液在25，用无二氧化碳的蒸馏水制备氢氧化钙的饱和溶液。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度c1/2Ca(OH)2应在（0.04000.0412）mol/L。氢氧化钙溶液的浓度可以酚红为指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液c(HCl)=0.1mol/L滴定测出。存放时要防止空气中的二氧化碳的进入。出现混浊应弃去重新配制不同温度时的pH值(pH in di

22、fferent temperatures)051015202530354013.4213.2113.0012.8112.6312.4512.3012.1411.98不同温度时的pH值(pH in different temperatures)4550556070809095-11.8411.7111.5711.45-难溶化合物的溶度积常数序号 分 子 式 Ksp pKsp (-lgKsp)序号 分 子 式 Ksp pKsp (-lgKsp)1Ag3AsO41.010-2222.095Hg2Cl21.310-1817.882AgBr5.010-1312.396HgC2O41.010-77.03A

23、gBrO35.5010-54.2697Hg2CO38.910-1716.054AgCl1.810-109.7598Hg2(CN)25.010-4039.35AgCN1.210-1615.9299Hg2CrO42.010-98.706Ag2CO38.110-1211.09100Hg2I24.510-2928.357Ag2C2O43.510-1110.46101HgI22.8210-2928.558Ag2Cr2O41.210-1211.92102Hg2(IO3)22.010-1413.719Ag2Cr2O72.010-76.70103Hg2(OH)22.010-2423.710AgI8.310-1

24、716.08104HgSe1.010-5959.011AgIO33.110-87.51105HgS(红)4.010-5352.412AgOH2.010-87.71106HgS(黑)1.610-5251.813Ag2MoO42.810-1211.55107Hg2WO41.110-1716.9614Ag3PO41.410-1615.84108Ho(OH)35.010-2322.3015Ag2S6.310-5049.2109In(OH)31.310-3736.916AgSCN1.010-1212.00110InPO42.310-2221.6317Ag2SO31.510-1413.82111In2S3

25、5.710-7473.2418Ag2SO41.410-54.84112La2(CO3)33.9810-3433.419Ag2Se2.010-6463.7113LaPO43.9810-2322.4320Ag2SeO31.010-1515.00114Lu(OH)31.910-2423.7221Ag2SeO45.710-87.25115Mg3(AsO4)22.110-2019.6822AgVO35.010-76.3116MgCO33.510-87.4623Ag2WO45.510-1211.26117MgCO33H2O2.1410-54.6724Al(OH)34.5710-3332.34118Mg(O

26、H)21.810-1110.7425AlPO46.310-1918.24119Mg3(PO4)28H2O6.3110-2625.226Al2S32.010-76.7120Mn3(AsO4)21.910-2928.7227Au(OH)35.510-4645.26121MnCO31.810-1110.7428AuCl33.210-2524.5122Mn(IO3)24.3710-76.3629AuI31.010-4646.0123Mn(OH)41.910-1312.7230Ba3(AsO4)28.010-5150.1124MnS(粉红)2.510-109.631BaCO35.110-98.29125

27、MnS(绿)2.510-1312.632BaC2O41.610-76.79126Ni3(AsO4)23.110-2625.5133BaCrO41.210-109.93127NiCO36.610-98.1834Ba3(PO4)23.410-2322.44128NiC2O44.010-109.435BaSO41.110-109.96129Ni(OH)2(新)2.010-1514.736BaS2O31.610-54.79130Ni3(PO4)25.010-3130.337BaSeO32.710-76.57131-NiS3.210-1918.538BaSeO43.510-87.46132-NiS1.0

28、10-2424.039Be(OH)21.610-2221.8133-NiS2.010-2625.740BiAsO44.410-109.36134Pb3(AsO4)24.010-3635.3941Bi2(C2O4)33.9810-3635.4135PbBr24.010-54.4142Bi(OH)34.010-3130.4136PbCl21.610-54.7943BiPO41.2610-2322.9137PbCO37.410-1413.1344CaCO32.810-98.54138PbCrO42.810-1312.5545CaC2O4H2O4.010-98.4139PbF22.710-87.574

29、6CaF22.710-1110.57140PbMoO41.010-1313.047CaMoO44.1710-87.38141Pb(OH)21.210-1514.9348Ca(OH)25.510-65.26142Pb(OH)43.210-6665.4949Ca3(PO4)22.010-2928.70143Pb3(PO4)38.010-4342.1050CaSO43.1610-75.04144PbS1.010-2828.0051CaSiO32.510-87.60145PbSO41.610-87.7952CaWO48.710-98.06146PbSe7.9410-4342.153CdCO35.210

30、-1211.28147PbSeO41.410-76.8454CdC2O43H2O9.110-87.04148Pd(OH)21.010-3131.055Cd3(PO4)22.510-3332.6149Pd(OH)46.310-7170.256CdS8.010-2726.1150PdS2.0310-5857.6957CdSe6.3110-3635.2151Pm(OH)31.010-2121.058CdSeO31.310-98.89152Pr(OH)36.810-2221.1759CeF38.010-1615.1153Pt(OH)21.010-3535.060CePO41.010-2323.0154

31、Pu(OH)32.010-2019.761Co3(AsO4)27.610-2928.12155Pu(OH)41.010-5555.062CoCO31.410-1312.84156RaSO44.210-1110.3763CoC2O46.310-87.2157Rh(OH)31.010-2323.064Co(OH)2(蓝)6.3110-1514.2158Ru(OH)31.010-3636.0159Sb2S31.510-9392.8Co(OH)2 (粉红，新沉淀)1.5810-1514.8160ScF34.210-1817.37161Sc(OH)38.010-3130.1162Sm(OH)38.210

32、-2322.08163Sn(OH)21.410-2827.85164Sn(OH)41.010-5656.0Co(OH)2 (粉红，陈化)2.0010-1615.7165SnO23.9810-6564.4166SnS1.010-2525.0167SnSe3.9810-3938.465CoHPO42.010-76.7168Sr3(AsO4)28.110-1918.0966Co3(PO4)32.010-3534.7169SrCO31.110-109.9667CrAsO47.710-2120.11170SrC2O4H2O1.610-76.8068Cr(OH)36.310-3130.2171SrF22.

33、510-98.6169CrPO44H2O(绿)2.410-2322.62172Sr3(PO4)24.010-2827.39CrPO44H2O(紫) 1.010-17 17.0 173SrSO43.210-76.4970CuBr5.310-98.28174SrWO41.710-109.7771CuCl1.210-65.92175Tb(OH)32.010-2221.772CuCN3.210-2019.49176Te(OH)43.010-5453.5273CuCO32.3410-109.63177Th(C2O4)21.010-2222.074CuI1.110-1211.96178Th(IO3)42.

34、510-1514.675Cu(OH)24.810-2019.32179Th(OH)44.010-4544.476Cu3(PO4)21.310-3736.9180Ti(OH)31.010-4040.077Cu2S2.510-4847.6181TlBr3.410-65.4778Cu2Se1.5810-6160.8182TlCl1.710-43.7679CuS6.310-3635.2183Tl2CrO49.7710-1312.0180CuSe7.9410-4948.1184TlI6.510-87.1981Dy(OH)31.410-2221.85185TlN32.210-43.6682Er(OH)34

35、.110-2423.39186Tl2S5.010-2120.383Eu(OH)38.910-2423.05187TlSeO32.010-3938.784FeAsO45.710-2120.24188UO2(OH)21.110-2221.9585FeCO33.210-1110.50189VO(OH)25.910-2322.1386Fe(OH)28.010-1615.1190Y(OH)38.010-2322.187Fe(OH)34.010-3837.4191Yb(OH)33.010-2423.5288FePO41.310-2221.89192Zn3(AsO4)21.310-2827.8989FeS

36、6.310-1817.2193ZnCO31.410-1110.8490Ga(OH)37.010-3635.15194Zn(OH)22.0910-1615.6891GaPO41.010-2121.0195Zn3(PO4)29.010-3332.0492Gd(OH)31.810-2322.74196-ZnS1.610-2423.893Hf(OH)44.010-2625.4197-ZnS2.510-2221.694Hg2Br25.610-2322.24198ZrO(OH)26.310-4948.2标准电极电势（25.0，101.325kPa）序号电极过程E/V1Ag+eAg0.79962Ag2+eAg+1.