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1、中考英语语法精讲精练-形容词专题复习一、 用法梳理形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot。2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。按其结构,可分为单个形容词和复合形容词。前者由一个单词(如good, short, happy)构成,而后者则由两个以上的单词(如well-know
2、n, kind-hearted, five-year-old)构成. 形容词的分类1. 品质形容词 英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:Hes the happiest man on earth. 他是地球上最快乐的人。The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。这类形容词一般都能用于比较级,如 bigger, simpler, younger.2. 类属形容词 这类形容词表示属于哪一类,如:These subjects reflect our daily lives. 这些题材反映我们的日常
3、生活。This medicine is for external use only. 此药仅供外用。这类形容词一般都不能用于比较级。3. 颜色形容词 有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:His face went purple with rage. 他的脸气得发青。She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。Carrots are orange. 胡萝卜是 橘红色的。这类词前面还可加light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等词,如:light brown hair 淡蓝色头发 a pale green dress 淡绿色裙服a deep blue sk
4、irt 深蓝色的裙子 a dark grey suit 深灰色的套服4. 强调形容词 有些形容词起强调作用,如:Its an utter mystery. 这完全是个谜。I have perfect trust in his judgement. 我绝对信任他的判断力。5. -ing 形容词1)有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如: It was a tiring journey. 这真是一趟累人的旅行。 This is a convincing argument. 这是个有说服力的论据。这样的形容词多由及物动词变来。有很多也是品质形容词,有时可用于最高级(如most amazing, mo
5、st disappointing)。3) 还有一些-ing形容词并不及动词有关,如:neighbouring cities 邻近的城市 a cunning trick 狡猾的计谋6. ed形容词1)大多数-ed形容词都及及物动词有关,是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如: She looked embarrassed. 他好象很尴尬。 These people are from distressed areas. 这些人来自贫苦地区。 I felt depressed. 我感到很沮丧。2) 有些-ed形容词可说是类属形容词,也由动词的过去分词变来,但不能用于比较级,
6、如:You have to pass the required examination to become a doctor. 你需要通过规定的考试才能成为医生。She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。3)有少数-ed形容词,不是由动词,而是由名词变来的:skilled workers 技术工人 salaried class 工薪阶层a flowered headscarf 印花头巾还有少数-ed形容词,和动词名词都没有关系:beloved leaders 受爱戴的领导 his deceased aunt 他死去的姨4) 有些-ed 的形容词包含有副词: a w
7、ell-equipped army 一支装备精良的部队 a well-known musician 著名的音乐家2)还有一些形容词和不及物动词有关,如:We hope to lessen the existing tension. 我们希望缓解目前的紧张局势。 Hes one of the greatest living composers. 他是当今最伟大的作曲家之一。这类形容词只能作定语,不能用于比较级。7. 合成形容词 1)形容词在英语中是比较普遍的,最常见的有: a. 形容词+名词+ed: good-natured 天性善良的 b. 副词+过去分词:low-paid 工资很低的 c.
8、形容词+现在分词: easy-going 好说话的 d. 副词+现在分词: low-lying 低洼的 e. 名词+现在分词:heart-breaking 令人心碎的 f. 形容词+名词: present-day 当代的 2)还有一些其他类型的合成形容词,如: a two-piece suit 两件套的西服 all-out attempt 全力以赴的努力 take-home pay 扣税后的实得工资 3)还有一些三个或更多词构成的和成形容词,如: wait-and-see policy 观望政策 heart-to-heart talk 推心置腹的谈话 an out-of-the-way pla
9、ce 偏僻之地 an-out-of-date driving license 过期驾照形容词在句中的位置1. 形容词在句中主要可用作: 1)定语: What a fine day! 多好的天气! He is a self-made man. 他是个自学成材的人。 2)表语: The scene was horrifying. 这景象很恐怖。 I am getting bored and homesick. 我感到有些厌烦想家。 His comments were well-meant. 他说这些都是出于好心。 3)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语): I find this hot weather v
10、ery trying. 我感到这种炎热天气很难受。 Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗? 4)状语: She was back, eager to see her friends. 她回来了,极想见她的朋友们。 She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service. 她把大衣拿给他,极愿为他服务。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。 2. 形容词在句中的位置 有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词
11、。 1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为: (限定词)一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词(名词)。 用一句话来说就是“美小圆旧黄,法国木书屋”。如: There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。 I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒 They have got such
12、 a round brown wooden table. 他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。 2)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如: The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。 Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery. 桂林是一个以风景闻名的城市。 Do you have anything interesting to te
13、ll us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗? There is nothing wrong with the machine. 这台机器没有毛病。二、 等级用法 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级good/well 好的 better bestbad/ill 坏的 worse worstmany/much 多的 more mostlittle 少的 less leastfar 远的 further furthest farther farthestold 老的 older oldest elder eldest2. 形容词比较级的用法1)形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
14、Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 It was quieter outside. 外面安静点了。 It couldnt be easier. 不能再容易了。 This car is more expensive. 这辆车比较贵。 Who is taller? 谁高一点? Which book is better? 哪本书更好?1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1)单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如: 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful diff
15、icult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious2)也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:a. 名词或代词(若为人称代词,在口语中多用宾格): He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。 Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。b. 动名词:Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more interesting than sitting in an offi
16、ce. 这比坐办公室更有意思。c. 从句:I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。d. 状语:She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。e. 跟其它成分(如动词、形容词等):Its better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。He was
17、 more lucky than clever. 他是运气好,而不是聪明。3 形容词比较级的修饰语1)形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语:Hes feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。Shes a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。Its slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。2)也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词:Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一
18、点了吗?She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。3)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来?My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法和more有关的词组1) the morethe more越就越。例如: Th
19、e harder you work,the greater progress youll make. 越努力,进步越大。2) more B than A=less A than B 及其说A不如说B。例如: He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,及其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3) no more than 及一样,不比多。例如: The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 no les
20、s than及一样。例如: He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。4) more than不只是,非常。例如: She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。和less有关的词组5) less than 不到 不太: In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。6)no less than 多达 不少于 He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于500美圆。 No less than 2 million people came. 至少
21、来了2百万人。7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。 另外, 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。9) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如: This is as good an
22、 example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。例如:This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。11)倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如: This bridge is three times as long as th
23、at one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,例如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示
24、非常。例如: It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。注
25、意: a. very可修饰最高级,但位置及much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如: Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) 否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so
26、 as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如: Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.形容词最高级的特殊用法1)形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词the 可以省略。 I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。2)形容词最高级前可以加a 或不加冠词来表示 非常 He has been most kind to me. 他对我非
27、常好。 We were all most anxious to go home. 我们都很想回家。3)形容词最高级还可和at 构成短语作表语,表示 处于最的状态。 The peony was at its brightest. 牡丹花正在盛开。 I knew she was at her worst. 我知道她这时情绪最糟。 She was never at her best in the presence of her mother. 在她妈跟前她的表现从来不是最好的。4)形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语: He had been gone 15 minutes at the mo
28、st. 他离开顶多才一刻钟。 Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。 Spring is coming. The trees are green, and the flowers arebeautiful. 多么美的季节啊!我们要去郊游, 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀?不是放错了位置,搞错了级别,就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了,形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词
29、作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在 something的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的,但当形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时,形容词要后置。形容词级别问题: a. Our classroo
30、m is twice larger than theirs。(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的句子用 times +形容词比较级+than 这样的格式。你记住了吗 b. Im three years older than you.(我比你大三岁。)表示大三岁,高二厘米等时用表示数量词的词+比较级。 c.越来越用比较级+and +比较级来表示。如:The earth is getting warmer and warmer。(地球变得越来越暖和。) d.越就越用the +比较级,the+比较级来表示。如: The busier he is,the happier he feels。(他越
31、忙,越觉得高兴。) 最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的: alone 和lonely:I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用 alone 表示单独的、独自一人的,它表示一个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞, 用lonely,表示主观上感到 孤独寂寞,指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表语。 older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用older,表示年纪大的,年老的,常用做表语;他是我的长
32、兄用elder,表示年老的,年长的,用做定语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。三、考点精炼 1.The ice cream tasted so _ that the kids asked for some moreAbad Bbadly C.delicious D.well2Now telephones are very popular and they are much _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest3We all love Miss YangShe always makes her histor
33、y class very _ .Ainterest Binterests Cinteresting D. interested4. Nothing in the world is _ if you put your heart into it. A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary5. The busier he is , the _he feels .A. happily B. happy C. happier D. more happy6.-Why dont you like pigs,Molly? -Because
34、they are _A. cute B. smart C. friendly D. ugly7.-Whom would you like to be your assistant, Jack or David?-If I had to choose, David would be _choice.A.good B.better C. the better D.the best8. Carl felt _ because he won the first prize in the school singing competition.A. interested B. proud C. angry
35、 D. worried9. -The accident was really terrible.-Yes, it was. The young man on the bicycle was too _.A. careless B. careful C. carelessly D. carefully10. -Which country has _ population, Japan, India or China?-Japan, of course.A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest11. English is as_as maths
36、 .A. better B. much useful C.much important D. important12._wishes for Teachers Day! A. Tall B. Fast C. Best D. Short13. This kind of TV set looks_and sells_in this shop.A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice14. l want_eggs. I have eaten too much.A. no more B. some more C. much more
37、 D. many more15. Id like to know if Lin Tao is the second_boy in his class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest16. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry17. -How well did you do in the maths exam?-Better than before. I think it was _ dif
38、ficult than the last one.A. more B. less C. much D. very18-I feel really_before the interview .-Take it easySure you are the bestA.patient B.serious C.nervous D.cool19.-What about this T shirt?-I dont like the color,Plcase show me_one.A.other B.the other C.another D.each other20. Susan is always the
39、 best in different exams in our class because she is a_girl.A. helpful B. polite C. proud D.hard-working答案: 1-5 CBCAC 6-10 DCBAD 11-15 DCAAC 16-20 BBCCD (2010江苏省扬州市,8,1)-Yummy!The coffee is good.-Thats right .It will taste_with some milk.A.good B.better C.best D.the best【答案】B(2010湖北省黄冈市,37,1)-Whats
40、the low-carbon life style like?-Save_energy,produce_carbon.A.more;more B.less;more C.less;less D.more;less【答案】D(2010四川省成都市34. 1)What a nice picture of a house.It would be_with some green trees around it.A.good B.better C.worse【答案】B(2010四川省成都市38. 1)I had a hard time with math and I wasnt _to get the
41、bad report from my math teacher.A.sure B.surprised C.excited【答案】B(2010浙江省湖州市20,1)Tom is not good at math.He always feels _before her takes a math test.A.interested B.comfortable C.nervous D.proud【答案】C(2010山西省18,1)-Im going to a job interview. I feeI a IittIe_.-Take it easy. Listening to music can he
42、Ip you reIax.Acomfortable B.nervous C. excited 【答案】B(2010山西省22,1)It is_to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly A.helpful B.more helpful C. the most heipfui 【答案】B(2010湖北省武汉市32,1)-Are you scared of the flight?-No, just a little _.A. angry B. serious C. anxious D. calm【答案】C(2010湖北省武汉市37,1)-Waiter, $ 20 for dinner, right?-Im afraid $25, sir, for drinks are _. A. extra B. free C. high D. spare【答案】A(2010河南省23,1)-Excuse me,sir. The shoes are a bit small for me-Dont worryIl