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1、-大学英语跨文化交际案例分析-第 6 页大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 (P8)White Dress女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。Cul
2、ture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why
3、.文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。Case 4 (P18) Coconut-skating椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and its learned. 案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。People
4、 may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.人们可能发明东西甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。Case 7 (P30)Clean up the Bathroom! 清理浴室!:Case analysis: Cultural differences decid
5、e the two students are going to communicate in different ways. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese cultur
6、e, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段,他的话,但是美国学生用来直接的交流方式。这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以他们不会直接
7、表达自己的想法。然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你。Case 8 (P34)She Has Three Hands她有三个指针:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. 这种情况下可
8、以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法。西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view co
9、mmunication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship” between them.这就是为什么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间
10、的关系。中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。Case 12 (P57)Why Dont You Eat the Pizza? 你为什么不吃比萨饼?:This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映了跨文化交际过程中出现的问题以及如何忽视文化差异
11、会影响通信。In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. 这在马来西亚,大多数人是穆斯林,人们认为左手
12、仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能被用来传递食物。并不知道其中的文化差异,美国学生把自己放到一个尴尬局面。Their communication belongs to Interracial Communication.他们的通信属于人种间的通信。Case 21 (P107)A Danish Woman in New York一个丹麦妇女在纽约:This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from another culture, one is l
13、ikely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. 这种情况下可以反映相似而不是差异。假设与人交流时从另一种文化,一种可能的方面和治疗别人为“他的人”,认为只能有一个做事的方式:这是“他”。In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common
14、 in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.在这种情况下,丹麦妇女假设她让孩子一个人呆着的行为是很常见的,这在丹麦,也适用于纽约。在这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化也无可争辩的另一种文化。这就是为什么小冲突发生。Case 23 (P123) Girl-ness姑娘冲突:This ca
15、se can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different language。这种情况下可以反映一个翻译问题:缺乏概念等价,这指的是抽象概念可能不存在的相同的方式在不同的语言。Case 41 (P213)Getting Frustrated越来越沮丧:Jay was frustrated in large part beca
16、use many of the norms he was used to didnt apply in Saudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make sense to him.周杰伦是沮丧在很大程度上是因为许多规范他是用于不适用于沙特阿拉伯,和许多沙特规范没有意义的他。Cultural patterns components-norms文化模式的组件规范Case 43 (P226)The Improvement Does Not Work改善不工作:Following their individualistic orientations, Mr
17、. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the idea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups, which is typical in the United States.他们的个人主义的方向后,帕特森先生和奥先生都完美舒适的想法创造团队领导在个人销售组织,这是典型的在美国。 In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of
18、a cohesive and productive team.在集体主义的文化,然而,工人们可能出于作为一个有凝聚力的一部分和有生产力的团队。This case reflects the conflict between individualism and collectivism.这个案例反映了个人主义和集体主义之间的冲突。Case 44 (P236)When Shall We Meet For Dinner? 我们什么时候见面吃饭吗?:Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue pr
19、esented below, Kelly and Keiko are interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty avoidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance index. 不确定性规避取向中可以看到这种情况。下面的对话,凯利和凯科是关于晚餐邀请交互。凯利
20、,来自美国、拥有一个相对较低的不确定性规避指数,而来自日本,Keiko也来自一个文化与一个相对较高的不确定性规避指数。Case 25 (P131) Success Story一个人的成名史:One of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant， which reflects different verbal communication stylesdirect and in
21、direct styles, self-enhancement and self-effacement styles其中一位消息人士的挫折和误解,发生在本例中是不同的概念是口头相关,这反映了不同的言语交际风格直接和间接风格,自增强和谦逊的风格Case 33 (P169）Are Americans Indifferent? 是美国人冷漠?:This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facia
22、l expression differ according to different cultures, which implies the Kinesics. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的非语言沟通模式存在于实际的跨文化交流,尤其是面部表情不同根据不同的文化,这暗示了身势。Case 36 (P182) Dont Put Your Hand on My Arm不要把你的手放在我的手臂:This case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures h
23、ave very different opinions about an individuals unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding the physical body, which implies Proxemics. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的文化有不同的意见,空间关系。不同的文化有不同的看法,一个人的无意识地构建microspace立即周围物理身体,这意味着亲近性。Case 48 (P257)Gift from a Chinese礼物从中国:Chinese people love giving
24、gifts. Usually, the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver is in the senders eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuable enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face. North American companies do occasionally receive gifts
25、 out of appreciation for the friendship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly small, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens. 中国人喜欢送礼物。通常,礼物的价值是表明重要接收者在发送者的眼睛。大多数人送礼担心是否会被视为有价值的礼物不够。一个便宜的礼物意味着丧失了脸。北美公司偶尔会收到礼物表达对友谊和协
26、助经理可以提供。这样的礼物是珍贵的,然而,这些值通常是相当小的,一瓶酒,一个音乐CD,一个小的书,或其他标记。 Case 50 (P269) Refuse to Be Treated? 拒绝治疗?:In the case just described, the U.S. American medical team system for making sense of the situation demanded that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. However, the c
27、ultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and treated first. So the case reflect the different roles of family and gender in the health care context in different cultures. 刚刚描述的情况下,美国美国医疗团队体系以使意义上的形势要求人们看到订单的严重性,他们的伤害或疾病。然而,文化系统工作对于那些在维尔京群岛要求长老被看到和治疗第一。因此,该案
28、件反映出不同的角色,家庭和性别在医疗保健环境不同的文化。Case 54 (P291)A Fish out of Water离水之鱼:This case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological symptoms. 这个案例反映了,那个男孩正在经历文化冲击,这可能会给他一些心理症状。Case 55 (P299)Missing China! 失踪的中国!:This case can reflect reverse culture shock. When pe
29、ople return home after an extended stay in a foreign culture, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through the four stages of the U-curve pattern once again, which is known as W-curve pattern. 这种情况下可以反映出逆向文化冲击。当人们回家经过一段呆在一个外国文化,他们体验另一轮的文化冲击在他们的
30、本土文化,他们必须继续通过四个阶段的u形曲线模式再次,这被称为w曲线模式。Case 19 (P98) Who Is the Most Beautiful Woman? 谁是最漂亮的女人Summary: Manuel was a Philippine lecturer and Fred was a consultuant from another culture. They have totally different idea about who is the most beautiful woman in the reception. 摘要:曼纽尔是菲律宾讲师和弗雷德是一个consultua
31、nt从另一种文化。他们有完全不同的看法关于谁是最漂亮的女人的接待。Theory: Power distance理论:权力距离Explanation: What is Power distance解释:什么是权力距离Relating: Philippine is a high power distance country where people believe in hierachy. A waitress cannot enjoy the same right as the upper class women. Philippine people accept this inequality
32、 with no problem. 相关:菲律宾是一个高权力距离的国家,人们相信层次。一个女服务员不能享受同样的权利的上层阶级的女性。菲律宾人接受这种不平等,没有问题。Evaluation: People should know the distribution of power in different cultures might be quite different. This may influence the communication process. 评价:人们应该知道的权力分配不同的文化可能相当不同。这可能影响交流过程。 Case 58 (P310)Whats the Matt
33、er with the Gift? 什么事的礼物呢?Theory: This case can reflect the relationship conflicts in intercultural communication. 理论:这个案例可以反映在跨文化交际的关系冲突。Explanation: Intercultural communication competence is an integrated and complicated competence. In order to have intercultural communication competence, we need
34、to pay attention to every element among it. Relationship conflict is one of them. Some relationship conflicts involve threats to an established relationship. 解说:跨文化交际能力是一个集成的和复杂的能力。为了获得跨文化交际能力,我们需要注意每个元素在它。关系冲突就是其中之一。一些关系冲突涉及威胁建立关系Relating to the case: In this case, the woman in Nukualofa became ver
35、y angry and shouted the author out because of the rare gift the author sent to her, in fact, the womans extreme behavior is because the authors behavior of sending the gift has put herself into a position of superiority over the woman, which is a really threat to established relationshipthe woman ca
36、n be a good helper and teacher of the author. The change in established relationship made the woman quite angry. 有关的例子:在这种情况下,女人在努库阿洛法非常生气,大声作者因为罕见的天赋作者发送到她,事实上,女人的极端行为是因为作者的行为发送礼物已经将自己变成一个位置优势的女人,这是一个真正威胁建立关系的女人可以成为一个好帮手和老师的作者。建立关系的变化使女人非常生气。Case 60 (P316)Demographic Analysis in USA. 在美国人口分析。Demogr
37、aphic analysis in this case can reflect that USA is a multicultural society with cultural diversity. Multicultural society refers to the society where there is ethnic diversity within it. And this tendency is more and more universal all over the world. 人口分析在这种情况下可以反映出,美国是一个多元文化的社会与文化的多样性。多元文化的社会是指社会
38、哪里有种族多样性它。和这种趋势越来越普遍世界各地。This case can reflect that culture is dynamic.Cultures are constantly changing over time. 这种情况下可以反映出文化是动态的。文化是随着时间不断变化。In this case, the distribution of population is changing all the time, with the decrease of European Americans and the increase of Asian Americans. This cha
39、nge of propotion will lead to the change of cultural phenomenon. 在这种情况下,人口分布状况正在改变所有的时间,减少欧洲的美国人,亚裔美国人的增加。这种变化的propotion将导致文化现象的变化。The multicultural society requires a heightened emphasis on intercultural competence. 多元文化社会需要高度重视跨文化能力。Case 64 (P345)Jane Martins Problem 简马丁的问题This case can reflect in
40、tercultural competence is relatively complicated and integrated competence, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in accentual communication. 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化能力相对复杂的和集成的能力,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在重音的通信。In this case, Jane Martin is good at training but is no
41、t familiar with new environment the Korean culture, which is totally different from American culture. Her gender, age, lack of knowledge on the Korean language and culture can be barriers to her effective intercultural communication and good work performance. To Jane Martin, she never sensed it is a
42、n intercultural communication and never aware of the future difficulties she will face. Without preparations, its hard to her to do intercultural communication. 在这种情况下,简马丁擅长训练但不熟悉新环境韩国文化,这是完全不同于美国文化。她的性别、年龄、缺乏知识在朝鲜的语言和文化障碍,她可以有效的跨文化沟通和良好的工作表现。简马丁,她从来没有感觉到这是一个跨文化交流和从来没有意识到对未来将面临的困难。没有准备,很难去做跨文化交流。To guarantee the sucess of intercultural communication, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in actual communication. 保证成功的跨文化交流,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在实际通信。