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1、-国际法英文单词-第 6 页绪论INTRODUCTION：NATURES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Public International law国际公法Universal/ general/ special international law 普遍/一般/特殊国际法International custom国际习惯 General principles of law一般法律原则 Bentham边沁International Law Commission（联合国）国际法委员会The basis of internationl law and theories thereto国际
2、法的效力根据与学派Oppenheim奥本海 Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质 Jus gentium 万民法Writings of publicists 公法学家学说 International comity 国际礼让 Effects of IL 国际法的效力 Contractual treaty 契约性条约 Law-making treaty 造法性条约 Application of IL 国际法的适用 Monism 一元论Dualism or pluralism 二元论 adopt
3、ion/incorporation采纳/纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则） 国际法上的国家STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAWPermanent population固定的居民 Defined territory 确定的领土 Government 政府 Sovereignty 主权 Unitary state 单一国 Composite states/union of states 复合国/国家的联合 Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦 Confederation 联邦 Permanent neutral
4、ized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦 French Community法兰西共同体 Vatican City State 梵蒂冈市国 Vassal state 附庸国 Suzerain state 宗主国Protected/protecting state FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATESNational fundamental rights 国家的基本权利 Right of independence 独立权 Right of equality 平等权 Right of self-defence 自卫权 Ri
5、ght of self-preservation自保权 Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence?属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖 Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖 State immunity 国家豁免权The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则 The doc
6、trine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承Constitutive theory 构成说 Declaratory theory 宣告说 De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认 Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则 Rec
7、ognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive/non-personal treaties非人身条约 The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务 Localized state debt 地方化债务 State archives 国家档案 The principle of non-recognition不承认原则国
8、际争端法PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTESthe principle of peaceful settlement of international disputesPolitical methods /legal methods of settlementsregional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法International Court of Justice国际法院 Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖 Optional
9、compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖retortion 反报 reprisals 报复 negotiation 谈判consultation 协商 inquiry/investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停 conciliation 和解/调解 The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决 Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院 pacific blockade 平时封锁dispute-s
10、ettlement mechanisms ofjusticiable/non-justiciable disputeamicable/compulsive settlement和谐/强迫解决方法Institution of proceedings起诉 written/oral proceedings书面/口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状 reply 答辩 a third party 第三方国际条约法THE LAW OF TREATIESconclusion and entry into force of treatiespacta sunt servand
11、a 约定必须信守 application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效 convention公/专约 treaty条约 agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约 (general/final) act (总/最后)文件(additional/final )protocol(附加/最后)议定书 exchange of note
12、s 换文negotiation 谈判 initiating草签 (full) signature 签署accession 加入 sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同 treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权 treaty-making right 缔约权利 full power 全权证书reservation 保留amendment/modification修正/改 memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录 declara
13、tion 宣言joint declaration/statement 联合声明 joint communique 联合公报 constitution 组织宪章 arrangement 补充协定authentication 认证 provisional application 暂时适用 constitutionalism 宪法主义学派internationalism 国际主义学派 material breach 重大违约 fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更国际组织法administrational union（国际行政联盟） League of
14、Nations（国际联盟）United Nations FamilyOriginal/elective memberUnited Nations CharterRegional International OrganizationsSpecialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）Privileges and Immunities ofInternational Economic Organizations and their institutionsThe Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制）The UN Peace-keeping Operat
15、ions（联合国维和行动）European Unionthe principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则primary responsibility 主要责任the forum of the world世界论坛organ of action行动的机关provisional measures 临时办法call upon 促请preventive diplomacy 预防性外交the proportionality rule相称性原则humanitarian intervention人道主义干预protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；
16、避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家depen
17、dency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势me
18、rger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无dtente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领
19、海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of ones residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough d
20、estruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍tru
21、steeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯poli
22、tical fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sove
23、reignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to
24、peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each others deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independen
25、ce and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each others internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利