《小学英语名词及专项训练(4页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《小学英语名词及专项训练(4页).doc(4页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、-小学英语名词及专项训练1.名词是表示人、事物、地点以及抽象概念的词。如:table桌子,park公园2.名词的分类(1)名词根据其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词 专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或者机构的特有名称的词。专有名词的第一个字母通常要大写(the和of等虚词、介词除外)如:人名:Jenny星期:Sunday周日月份:April四月节日:Christmas Day圣诞节建筑:the Great Wall 长城国家:China中国城市:Guangdong广东街道:West Street维斯特大街组织:the WTO 世贸组织普通名词 普通名词是表示一类人或者东西或一个抽象概念
2、的名称的词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词:表示单个的人或物。如:cup杯子 computer电脑集体名词:表示一群人或者事物的总称。如:class班级 people人民物质名词:表示无法分出个体的物质。如:air空气 grass草抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词。如:health健康 (2)根据是否能够用数字来计算,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词 可数名词是表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词。可数名词有单、复数两种形式;可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a”或“an”;复数形式一般是在名词后加“ s”“ es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和
3、不规则变化两种,规则变化: A、一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds B、以s. x. sh. ch结尾的单词,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberriesD、以“f或fe”结尾的单词,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,loaf-loaves, leaf-leavesE、以“o”结尾的单
4、词,除“tomato-tomatoes”“potato-potatoes”“hero-heroes”以外,其他都是加-es可数名词复数的不规则变化 A、单复数同形:sheep-sheep people-people fish-fish B、不规则变化: child-children ox-oxen foot-feet man-men tooth-teeth mouse-mice policewoman-policewomen woman-women policeman-policemen C、表某国人的名词的单复数形式: a.单复数形式相同:如Chinese-Chinese Japanese-
5、Japanese b.词尾加-s.如:American-Americans Australian-Australians C.特殊变化:Thailand(泰国)-Thai(泰国人)Thais(许多泰国人)不可数名词的计量方法用little ,much ,some ,a lot of,lots of等来表示。如:little milk几乎没有牛奶 much water许多水 some juice 一些果汁在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如:a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 three bottles of milk三瓶牛奶 two bowls of rice两碗米饭不可数名词1.
6、 candy(糖果) 10.beef(猪排) 19.glue (胶水) 2. rice (米饭) 11.juice (果汁) 20.ink(墨水)3. chicken(鸡肉) 12.yogurt (酸奶) 21.shampoo(洗发水)4. jam (果酱) 13.soda (苏打) 22.paper(纸)5. fish (鱼肉) 14.tea(茶) 6. cheese(芝士) 15.cola(可乐)7. bread (面包) 16.coffee (咖啡) 8. steak (牛排) 17.milk(牛奶)9. cake (蛋糕) 18. food(事物)(当fish加复数为fishes时表示
7、鱼的种类有很多) 3. 名词的所有格 名词中表示关系的形式叫名词的所有格。在表示人或物品的所属关系时,就需要用到名词的所有格。所有格有两种形式:一种是“ s”格,即在名词后面加“ s”,多用来修饰有生命的东西一种是of格,即在介词of后面加名词,多用来修饰没有生命的东西。(1) “ s”格 如果名词代表的事物是有生命的,那么他的所有格形式即在这个名词后加 “s”. A.一般情况下,直接加 “ s”,如Jims book 吉姆的书 B.以s结尾的复数名词,加 “ ” ,如teachersbooks老师们的书 C.词尾不是s的复数名词,加“ s”,如the peoples books人们的书 D.
8、几个人共同拥有的一件东西,在最后一个人名后加 “ s”,如lily and Lucys room丽丽和露西(共有的)房间 E.每个人分别拥有的东西,在每个人名后分别加“ s”,如lilys and Lucys rooms丽丽的房间和露西的房间此时后接的分别拥有的东西要用复数(2)of格 名词代表的事物是没有生命的,常用of组成的短语来表示所有格。 如: the library of our school我们学校的图书馆习题:1.写出下列名词的复数形式 watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_
9、 strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_2. 选择题 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in
10、 the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. Thata art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of app
11、le C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _ meeting
12、 room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers 11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 12. They come from different _ A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys 13. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. toma
13、tos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 14. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 15.Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 16.Most of _ live in _. A. Germans, German B. Germa
14、n, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany 17. There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes 18. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling 19.I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples 20.There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs-第 4 页-