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1、-小学英语名词讲解及练习一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: 个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。 B集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等C物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、
2、wood(木头)等。 D抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。找出下列笑话中的可数名词 In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars y
3、esterday!” “Yes, thats true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”二、可数名词和不可数名词。 1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下:1词尾直接加 S 如:catcats bagbags daydays2以 S, SH, CH
4、, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes3以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S,如: party-parties city-cities story-storiesboy- toys monkey- monkeys key- keys 等.4以 F 或 FE 结尾的词, 变 F 或 FE 为 V, 加 ES,如: wife - wives half- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.5以
5、辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos6名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-mice 2) 不可数名词 不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water
6、, cotton, work 不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如:a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper 注意事项:1不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用A,AN,但可用THE,或不用冠词,如:bread is the usual breakfast.2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:ten bags
7、 of rice- ten baskets of eggs找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:Homework half advice_money _ knowledge _boot _blood _music _chicken _heat _mouth _bread _information _milk _cow _tear _名词所有格一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格1.单数名词词尾加s, 复数名词如果词尾没有s,也要加s。the boys bag 男孩的书包Mikes knife 迈克的刀子the childrens room 孩子们的房间mens room 男厕所2.
8、若名词已有复数词尾s,只加 the students bags 学生们的书包the teachers reading-room 教师阅览室3.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加s。如表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加s。如:This is Tom and Jasons room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。These are Toms and Jasons rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格1、如果名词是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。the windows of the house 房间的窗户the title
9、of the song 歌的名字the picture of the family 家庭照片2、在表示名词所有格时,s结构可以转换成of结构。the girls name the name of the girl 女孩的名字my fathers friend the friend of my fathers 我父亲的朋友3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加s来构成所有格。Beijings street 北京的街道todays newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes walk 十分钟的路程写出下列名名词和词组的所有格-第 3 页-1a sister _2
10、a boy 3today _4a baby 5a camel _6men 7birds _8two days 9John and Mary(两人共有的) 10John and Mary (两人各自所有的) 练习一按要求填入单词的适当形式1Two_ live in this building. (family)2Look at those _. (child)3I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)4There are some _ on the table. (glass)5Would you like some _? (bread)
11、6I have two _. (sister)7I like _. (cat)8Do you want some _ for supper? (potato)9He has two _. One is old ,the other is new .(watch)10In autumn ,you can see a lot of _ on the ground. (leaf)二选用下列正确的单词或词组,在正确的选项上打1Do you drink much (milk, milks)?2I visited (Tom, Toms) house yesterday.3He had two (cup ,
12、cups) of tea.4This is (Tom and Marys ,Toms and Marys) house.5Give me a (piece of ,)paper, please.6I dont want (a, an)old cap.7Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).8How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?9There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.10That bag is my (fathers, fathers bag.)三将下列句子变成复数形式1This is
13、a knife. _2That is a tomato. _3I have a wish. _4That child is very lovely. _5An Englishman stood there. _四用s, s替换下列词组1the leg of the boy _2the key of the girl _3the tail of the cat _4the friend of my fathers_5the toys of the boy_6the songs of the birds _7the servants of the queen _8the shirts of the men _9the violin of the girl _10the pen of John_