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1、Unit 1 GrammarRevision millions of bring in shut up spread around at night a threat to thousands of complain about sound like lay eggs set free by hand1) 数百万的数百万的2) 引进引进3) 关闭关闭4) 展开，铺开展开，铺开5) 夜里夜里6) 对对的威胁的威胁7) 成千上万的成千上万的8) 抱怨抱怨9) 听起来像听起来像10) 下蛋下蛋11) 释放释放12) 用手用手Past Perfect Tense 6:00 7:00 now6:00 7
2、:00 now By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes._1) By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.Past Perfect Tense 2) No, he had already gone home._Past Perfect Tense -|-|-|- 那时 现在那时以前表示过去的过去 When we talk about two events that both happened in the pa
3、st, we use the Past Perfect Tense for the first event; We use the Past Simple Tense for the second event.nowpastPast Perfect TensePast Simple Tense3. 过去完成时可以表示过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或或某一动某一动作之前完成的动作作之前完成的动作或或呈现的状态呈现的状态。也就是说。也就是说发生在发生在“过去的过去过去的过去”。1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时 构成：构成：had过去分词过去分词2. 肯定
4、式肯定式：主语：主语+had+p.p.+. 否定式否定式：主语：主语+hadnt+p.p.+. 疑问式疑问式：Had+主语主语+p.p.+? 肯定答语肯定答语：Yes, 主语主语+had 否定答语否定答语：No， 主语主语+hadnt用用法法1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。在另一动作之前。在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。常常用过去完成时态。1.他说他以前见过你。他说他以前见过你。
5、He said that he _ (see) you before.had seen2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.had worked2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。续下去。By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours. When I came to Guangzhou, he _
6、 (be) there for a long time.用用法法1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。had workedhad been3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。By the middle of last month we _ (live) in Beijing for five years.had lived1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。By yesterday evening he _
7、(write) that letter.2. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。当我进来时，他已做完了作业。When I came in he _ (finish) his homework.过去完成时与过去完成时与 by then (截止到那时截止到那时)，by 9 oclock (直到九点钟直到九点钟) ，by the end of (在在结结束束 / 末之前末之前)，by the time (在在时之前时之前), up till then (直到那时直到那时), up until last night (直到昨直到昨晚晚) 等连用，表示过去的过去。等连用，表示过去的过去。had written
8、had finished 3. 过去完成时和过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用，表示过去的等连用，表示过去的过去过去用用法法1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。He told me that his team _ already _ (win).hadwon2. 她说她仍没去过长城。她说她仍没去过长城。She said that she _ (not go to) the Great Wall yet.hadnt been to用用法法4. 过去完成时与过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till / unt
9、il 等引导时间状语的从句等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。When she got home her children _ (sleep).had slept2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).hadstartedLast night, as soon as I _(finish) my work I went to sleep.3. 我完成作业
10、了就去睡觉了。我完成作业了就去睡觉了。had finished1) 比较性时态，不连用具体的过去时间状语。比较性时态，不连用具体的过去时间状语。昨天我在街上碰见了他。 I came across him in the street yesterday.我得到这条信息之前在街上碰见过他。 I had come across him in the street before I got the news. 2) hope / plan / mean / intend / want / expect / suppose / think等用过去完成时表曾经打算做但等用过去完成时表曾经打算做但未实现的事
11、。未实现的事。I _ (mean) to meet you at the airport yesterday, but I was too busy all the day. Tips：不用过去完成时态不用过去完成时态had meant注意：注意：过去完成时用于一些固定的句型中过去完成时用于一些固定的句型中 had hardly when 还没等还没等 就就 I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。我刚打开门，他就打了我。 had no sooner than 刚刚 就就 He had no sooner bought
12、the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。典型例题典型例题The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. Were writing, had left解析：解析：“把书忘在办公室把书忘在办公室”发生在发生在“去取书去取书”这这一过去的动作之前，因此一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书
13、忘了书”这一动作发这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙同学们正忙于于，因此前一句应用过去进行时。，因此前一句应用过去进行时。DUntil then, his family _ from him for six month.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearingC. hasnt heard D. hadnt heard解析：过去完成时可以表示过去某一时间以解析：过去完成时可以表示过去某一时间以前已经发生并继续发生的事情，本句考察的前已经发生并继续发生的
14、事情，本句考察的正是过去完成时的这一用法。正是过去完成时的这一用法。DBefore the first non-stop flight made in1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A. would be B. has beenC. had been D. would have been 解析：本题时间状语从句为一般过去时，主解析：本题时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句的情况是在从句之前，是句的情况是在从句之前，是“过去的过去过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。因此用过去完成时。CPracticeComplete e
15、ach of the sentences with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.1) My best friend, John, was no longer there. He _ (go) away.2) When I got home, I found my flat _ (break into) and my computer _ (steal).3) Tom wasnt at home when I arrived. He _ (just go out).had gone had been broken awayhad be
16、en stolenhad just gone out4) I was very pleased to see Tom again after such a long time. I _ (not see) him for five years.5) We arrived at the cinema late. The film _ (already begin).6) Charlotte was depressed because she _ (fail) her English exam.hadnt seenhad already begunhad failedComplete the fo
17、llowing passage with the translation of the phrases in the brackets. James Stoker was fifteen years old when he became the youngest fully qualified doctor in the United States. James was a genius. By the age of two he_ (已经学会了) to read and write. Before his sixth birthday his father _ (已经教了) him to s
18、peak three languages fluently and he could play the violin and the piano perfectly. James spent all his time reading and studying. After he _(通过了的考试) his school-leaving exams at the age of nine, he went to college. had already learnthad taughthad passedA year and a half later, he _ (完成学业) college an
19、d started at a medical school. At the age of twelve, he didnt know what football was, because nobody_ (从未教过) how to play. There_ (一直没有) time.finishedhad ever taughthadnt been any扩展延伸扩展延伸1) The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.Examples:1）She _ English for 6 years.2）-Wh
20、ere is Susan ? - She _ to America.has taughthas gone现在完成时：现在完成时：表示过去某时表示过去某时发生的动作，发生的动作，这动作可能刚这动作可能刚刚停止刚停止,也可能也可能还在进行。还在进行。Examples：1）She said she _ English for 6 years.2）By the time I got to London, she _ to America.现在完成时现在完成时: 主语主语 + have / has done过去完成时过去完成时: 主语主语 + had donehad taughthad gone过去完成
21、过去完成时：表示时：表示过去某时过去某时之前发生之前发生的动作。的动作。 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，时间发生在前已完成的动作或状态，时间发生在“过去的过去的过去过去”；而一般过去时则表示过去的时间发生；而一般过去时则表示过去的时间发生的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作的时态，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用这一时态。之前时，常用这一时态。 2) The differences between past tense and Past
22、 Perfect tense. The sports meeting _ (begin) at 8 a.m. last Sunday. The sports meeting _ (begin) when we got to school. beganhad begun某些典型的词或搭配与过去完成时连用，某些典型的词或搭配与过去完成时连用，如：如：when, after, as soon as, by the time that, by the end of，already, ever, for+时间段，时间段，just, never, since+时间点等。而一般过去时时间点等。而一般过去时则
23、与一些表示过去的时间状语连用。则与一些表示过去的时间状语连用。 I _ (see) Jane yesterday. The plane _ (take off) when I got to the airport. sawhad taken off练习：区别一般过去时、现在完成时和过练习：区别一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时态。去完成时态。1）By yesterday morning, he _ (call) me ten times.2）The patient _ (die) when the doctor arrived.3）I saw Lin Feng yesterday. We _
24、(not meet) each other for five years.4) I returned the book that I _ (borrow).5) He said that he _ (know) her well.had calledhad diedhad not methad borrowedhad known6) The match _(be) on for half an hour.7) The match _ (be) on for half an hour when I got there.8)They _ (do) the work at 11 oclock yes
25、terday morning.9) They _ (do) the work by 11 oclock yesterday morning.10) The pop singers _ (leave) when I got to the music hall last night. What a pity!11) How clean the room is today! Oh, yes! Who _ (clean) it?has beenhad beendidhad donehad leftcleaned1).1).我到家时她已经睡了。我到家时她已经睡了。By the time I got ho
26、me, she had already gone to bed.2).2).到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.1. Translate the sentences into English.3).他走以后我找到了那封信。他走以后我找到了那封信。I found the letter after he had gone away.We reached the cinema late. The film had already been on for ten m
27、inutes.4).我们到电影院晚了我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始十分钟了。电影已经开始十分钟了。1) The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 2) Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. had left; comes B. left; had come C.
28、had left; came D. had left; would comeBC2. Choose the best answers.3) - Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France? - No, when I _ France, he _ to China. A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went C. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go4) Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when
29、he _ at the party. A. left, had arrived B. left, arrived C. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrivedCD5) We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned6) They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten y
30、ears since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. has enjoyed D. had been enjoyingAA6) Catherine _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing7) I lost the book I A. have bought B. bought C. had bought D. had been bought
31、 8) The bus had gone when I at the bus stop A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. am arriving CCB9) Tom of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind. A. has thought B. thought C. had thought D. had been thought 10) We four thousand new words by the end of last yea
32、r. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 11) Tom was disappointed that most of the guests when he at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left；arrived CAD1.She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything! (2011山东
33、卷）山东卷） A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating2. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night. （2011江西卷）江西卷） A. brokeB. had broken C. has brokenD. was breakingBB高考真题高考真题3. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their th
34、anks for the aid they _ from China. （2011福建卷）福建卷） A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received 4. What a mistake! Yes. I _ his doing it another way, but without success. (2011四川卷四川卷) A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggestedDD1. Finish more exercises on the paper. 2. Make sentences using the grammar in this unit.Homework