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1、 英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (coordinate sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型1.The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语2.He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）3.I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语4.She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.We mus
2、t keep the room warm. 主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.) +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。 1. I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. 2. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt lik
3、e it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句复合句复合句:主主句句+从从句句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 表语从句结构是：表语从句结构是： “主语主语+连系动词连系动词(lv.) +表语从句表语从句”。常用接表语从句的常用接表语从句的系动词系动词有：有： be, look, remain, seem，sound,（简单句简单句）表语从句表语从句表语从句表语
4、从句是在复合句中是在复合句中作表语作表语的名词性从句的名词性从句(复合句复合句)概念：概念：位置：位置： 1.that（ 只起连接作用只起连接作用), whether “是否是否” , （ if 不引不引导导 表语从句表语从句) as if /as though “好像好像” 2. who，whom ，whose ，which ， what “所所的东西、事情、说话的东西、事情、说话” when “的时间的时间” where “的地方的地方” why “的原因的原因” how “的方法的方法” because “因为因为” 1.The question is whether we can re
5、ly on him.2.Thats because we were in need of money at that time .3.He looked as if he was going to cry .4.Thats why I was late .表语从句连接词表语从句连接词：3. as if/as though “好像好像” 引导的表语从句常置于系动词引导的表语从句常置于系动词 look, seem, sound, be 等后面等后面，可可用用陈述陈述语气语气；也可；也可用用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 语法归纳2.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，
6、表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”1.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。The problem is whether we can finish the task on time.e.g. It seems as if our team will win. The elephant feels as if/though he were a wall. 注注 意：意：注注 意：意：4.当主语是当主语是reason时，表语从句要用时，表语从句要用 that 而不是而不是 because The reason (why/for)is /wa
7、s that. “的原因是的原因是” The reason why he was late for school was that he missed the bus this morning. 5. because 引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于 This/That/It is/was because. “那是因为那是因为.” 结构中结构中 He was late for school .That was because he missed the bus. (前结果前结果,后原因后原因) He missed the bus. That was why he was late
8、for school. (前原因前原因,后结果后结果) This/That/It is /was why. “那是那是.的原因的原因”对比：对比：Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中是在复合句中作宾语作宾语的名词性从句的名词性从句概念：概念：位置：位置： 宾语从句的宾语从句的句子结构：句子结构：1.主语主语 + +谓语谓语(Vt.)+(Vt.)+ 宾语从句宾语从句2. 介词介词+宾语从句宾语从句3.主语主语+ be +adj. +宾语从句宾语从句4.主语主语 +谓语谓语+it +adj./n./ (宾补宾补)+宾语从句宾语从句在主句为动词在主句为动词beb
9、e加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, sorry, sure, afraid, gladafraid, glad等）作表语时等）作表语时vIm sorry (that) I dont know the news .vWere sure (that) our team will win .I think it necessary that you should read English aloud every day.1.I dont know where he comes from.2. I suddenly think of what my mother told me
10、 yesterday.3. I am sure that you can pass the exam.4. We think it important whether we can make progress in English soon.划出下列句子中的宾语从句划出下列句子中的宾语从句及物动词后面及物动词后面介词或介词短语后面介词或介词短语后面 形容词后面形容词后面形式宾语形式宾语 it + 宾补宾补(n&adj.)后面后面归纳归纳:宾语从句的注意事项宾语从句的注意事项 引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型 that （没有词义（没有词义,不作不作任何成分任何成分,可以省略）可以省略）陈述句陈述
11、句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether “是否是否”，不能省不能省略略特殊疑问词（特殊疑问词（不可以略）不可以略）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）二、时态二、时态（相应的（相应的过去时过去时,但客观真理用一般现但客观真理用一般现 在时在时;或所需要的时态）或所需要的时态）三、语序：用陈述语序三、语序：用陈述语序 语序语序时态时态宾语从句的三要素宾语从句的三要素:连词连词（引导词）（引导词）Exercise 1 :把下列句子改成间接引语：把下列句子改成间接引语： 1.“Where will my father go?” Tom asked his mother. 2.
12、 “The earth goes around the sun?” Mr.Li told us 3.“Have you finished your homework?” the teacher asked the boy.Tom asked his mother where his father would go.Mr.Li told us that the earth goes around the sun.The teacher asked the boy if / whether they had finished his homework. 主句谓语动词是主句谓语动词是 think,
13、believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess 等，从句的否定一般要转等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来移到主句上来。语法归纳e.g. 我认为你不对我认为你不对. I think that you are not right. I dont think you are right.FT 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的连接词连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能不能省略：省略：1）宾语从句宾语从句 2）当）当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。3）用在）用在it做做形式宾语后的宾语从句形式宾语后的宾语
14、从句, that不可省掉。不可省掉。1.We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 2. The reason lies in(在于在于) that she works harder than the others do.3.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.1.当有当有or not时常时常用用whether I dont know whether I will
15、stay or not. 2.介词后介词后面的宾语从句面的宾语从句常用常用whether I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.whether和和 if 都可以引导都可以引导宾语宾语从句从句 注意下列情况只用注意下列情况只用 whether介词介词Exercise 2 Choose the best answer:4. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 5. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the ma
16、chine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether6 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 7.Jane is no longer _ she used to be . A. what B. which C. that D. when 8.The reason why he has succeeded _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what9.The workers considered i
17、t important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which 10. That is _ they cant get the support of the people. A. why B. reason why C. how D. WhatExercise3:填上适当的连词完成以下名词性从句填上适当的连词完成以下名词性从句 1. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.2. Tom is
18、very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.3.He didnt pass the exam. That was _ he was lazy.thatwhybecause4. It looked _ he had understood this question.5. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.6. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.7. This is _ we found the strang
19、e treesas ifthatwhetherwhere / how1. He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.thatwhetherthatExercise 4 改错：改错： 4I think important that we learn English well_5. I have
20、 been worrying about if I have hurt her feeling_6.I dont know that he wants_ifwhetherthatwhatimportantit importantExercise 5:用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子1. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。 They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.2.我认为我们通过改变生活方式来拯救地球是我认为我们通过改变生活方式来拯救地球是很重要的
21、。很重要的。I think it important that we save the earth by changing our way of life. 3.看来要下雨了。看来要下雨了。 It looked as if it was going to rain.4. 问题是这本书是否值得一读。问题是这本书是否值得一读。 The question is whether the book is worth reading.5. 我认为玛利不会来了我认为玛利不会来了 。 I dont think that Mary will come.6. 那是他不来上学的原因。那是他不来上学的原因。That
22、was why he didnt come to school.7. 那是因为他没有理解我。那是因为他没有理解我。Thats because he didnt understand me. 8.人们认为健康是最大的财富。人们认为健康是最大的财富。 理由是好的身体有益于工作和学习。理由是好的身体有益于工作和学习。 People think that health is the greatest wealth. The reason is that good health is beneficial to our work and study. 9.海水被污染的原因是游客往海里掉垃圾。海水被污染的
23、原因是游客往海里掉垃圾。The reason （why the water was polluted ）was that the tourists threw rubbish into the sea.引导表语从句的三类连接词引导表语从句的三类连接词1. that, whether/ if “是否是否” (在从句中不做成分，只在从句中不做成分，只 起起连接作用；连接作用； if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句)2. what ,who ,whom ,which ,whose ，when, where , why , how3. because ，as ifThe reason (why/for)
24、is /was that. “的原因是的原因是”This/That/It is/was because. “那是因为那是因为.”This/That/It is /was why. “那是那是.的原因的原因”表语从句结构是：表语从句结构是： “主语主语+连系动词连系动词(lv.) +表语从句表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的可以接表语从句的系动词系动词有：有： be, look, remain, seem，soundSummary:特殊句型特殊句型Homework: 1.朗声朗声G.B Page 48 -492. Exercise paper1.e.g. The government demands
25、 that we (should) protect the environment. 特别提醒语法归纳2.e.g. I dont doubt that he will be against the idea. I doubt whether he will be against the idea. e.g. His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill. 语法归纳Exercise2 用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子1. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的
26、。我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。 I think it important that they finish their own task on time.2. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning.3. 谁知道将来会发生什么？谁知道将来会发生什么？ Who knows what will happen in the future?4.我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。 My dream is that I can enter a key
27、university.5.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I dont think this dress fits you well.6.我们很高兴下个月举行运动会。我们很高兴下个月举行运动会。 We are all glad that the sports meet will be held next month. Exercise3 用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子1我想知道你是否能修录音机。我想知道你是否能修录音机。 I wonder if / whether you can repair the recorder or not.2.
28、 他的建议是我们应该一直爬到山顶。他的建议是我们应该一直爬到山顶。 His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill. 3. 政府要求我们要保护环境。政府要求我们要保护环境。 The government demands that we (should) protect the environment. 4. 我毫不怀疑他会反对这个意见。我毫不怀疑他会反对这个意见。 I dont doubt that he will be against the idea. 5. 我怀疑他是否会反对这个意见。我怀疑他是否会反对这个意见。 I doubt whether he will be against the idea.