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1、沙市四中沙市四中 唐凡唐凡高考英语阅读理解技巧高考英语阅读理解技巧高考英语阅读理解各类题型考察比例高考英语阅读理解各类题型考察比例 一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。文后一般能直接找出答题依据。 细节理解题细节理解题 Questions of details事实细节题干常用事实细节题干常用when, where, who, when, where, who, why, what why, what 和和 how how 等提问或要求用此类信息等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容1.
2、How does the author understand .?2. Who are the intended(预期的预期的) readers of the passage?3. What does the research tell us about .?4. When did Jim win his first Olympic gold medal?5. Why did the author and his wife try.? Question forms:第一步：略读题干(Skimming)快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning) 浏览题干与选项之后，要
3、带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading) 注意对信息进行注意对信息进行综合分析综合分析，分清主次、真分清主次、真伪伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱陷阱”，学会排除干扰项。，学会排除干扰项。 解题步骤解题步骤 Not long ago. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Why did the author and his wife
4、 try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health同同义义词词Practice:Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight. B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy. D. To cool down. Lying in the
5、sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. 词义猜测题词义猜测题Wo
6、rds in context 从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。 解题技巧：解题技巧： 充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和复述来猜测词义。复述来猜测词义。1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?2.The word could best be replaced by3.In the p
7、aragraph, the word means (refers to )4.According to the passage, probably means5.The author uses the word to meanQuestion forms:Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to
8、the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning. The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _.A.honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义 Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doub
9、t the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” They underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. value B. result C. performance D. connection阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。转化或合成的新词。掌握构词法掌握
10、构词法对猜测词义对猜测词义很有帮助。很有帮助。 The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A. Messy and
11、untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。关系从已知推出未知。推理判断题推理判断题Questions of inference 推理判断就是根据作者的意图和倾向来完成相关的问题。推理判断就是根据作者的意图和倾向来完成相关的问题。 根据你对文章的理解，来判断各个选项的正误。这种阅读根据你对文章的理解，来判断各个
12、选项的正误。这种阅读是深层阅读，最重要的是找出段落或全文的中心意思，抓是深层阅读，最重要的是找出段落或全文的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相关句子。住主要句子和相关句子。在进行推理时，一定要仔细阅读在进行推理时，一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 1. 读懂问题读懂问题2. 在文中找出关键词、关键句，并仔细分析在文中找出关键词、关键句，并仔细分析3. 排除法删除不可能的选项排除法删除不可能的选项4. 做出最佳选择做出最佳选择解题步骤解题步骤1.The underlined sentence suggests that _
13、 .2.We can conclude from the third paragraph that _ .3.Which of the following might / probably happened later ?4. We can infer(推推断断)from the passage that _ .5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ .6.The writer of the passage considers _ .7. The passage indicates(表明表明) / implies(暗示暗示) _.Question fo
14、rms:1. Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people. B
15、. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice:2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will
16、die. You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches 主旨归纳题主旨归纳题 (Main idea)1. 该观点是该观点是作者的观点作者的观点（不是他人的观点，不是描（不是他人的观点，不是描 写、说明，也不一定是科学事实）。写、说明，也不一定是科学事实）。2. 该观点可能是作者提倡的，也可能是作者对他人观该观点可能是作者提倡的，也可能是作者对他人观 点的批驳。点的批驳。3. 主旨句具有主旨句具有
17、归纳性、概括性、抽象性归纳性、概括性、抽象性的特点，不是的特点，不是 部分细节。部分细节。4. 常常结构复杂（命题者有意安排所致）。常常结构复杂（命题者有意安排所致）。Question forms:1.The subject of the passage is _.2.The passage mainly talks about _.3.Whats the topic of this passage?6.The point of the passage is that _.8.Whats the topic of the first paragraph?4.The best headline
18、for the passage would be _.5.Which title best gives the idea of the passage?7.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?Two types: main idea; topic / title Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to th
19、e University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four ye
20、ars, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail Magellans men were the first to make the t
21、rip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed mo
22、re than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed.
23、His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is a huge ball. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellans Voyage( narrow)(wandered off)(broad)(proper)Tips: