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1、-医学考博英语高频词汇分类整理(必须掌握)-第 2 页2015年医学考博专业相关词汇整理1. 医院相关词汇childrens hospital 儿童医院general hospital, polyclinic 综合医院maternity hospital产科医院mental hospital, mental home 精神病院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院tumor hospi
2、tal 肿瘤医院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站polyclinic 联合诊疗所quarantine station 防疫站rest home 休养所sanatorium 疗养院 department 科室specialized hospital 专科医院 general hospital 普通医院 community hospital 社区医院 public hospital 公立医院 private hospital 私立医院 conventional clinic treatment普通门诊ward 病房 medical team 医疗队 medical d
3、epartment 内科surgical department 外科anesthesiology department 麻醉科cardiology department 心脏病科dental department 牙科dermatology department 皮肤科department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 胸外科general surgery 普通外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 精神外科obstetrics and gynecology
4、 department 妇产科ophthalmology department 眼科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科orthopedics department 骨科otolaryngological department 耳鼻喉科pediatrics department 小儿科pathology department 病理科plastic surgery 整形外科psychiatry department 精神病科thoracic surgery department 脑外科traumatology department 创伤外科urology depa
5、rtment 泌尿科X-ray department 放射科registration office 挂号处out-patient department, OPD 门诊部in-patient department 住院部nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室admitting office 住院处emergency room 急诊室operation room, operation theatre 手术室laboratory 化验室blood bank 血库pharmacy, dispensary 药房ward 病房med
6、ical ward 内科病房surgical ward 外科病房maternity ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔离病房observation ward 观察室hospital bed 病床 staff 人员2. 医疗人员职衔职称physician/internist 内科医生oculist/eye doctor 眼科医生surgeon 外科医生general practitioner 全科医生clinician 临床医生dentist 牙科医生orthopedist 骨科医生anesthetist 麻醉师gynecologist妇科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医
7、生obstetrician 产科医生pediatrician儿科医生psychologist 心理医生dietician 营养科医生pharmacist 药剂医生family doctor家庭医生director of the hospital 院长chief of / professor主任医生attending/visiting doctor主治医生resident doctor 住院医生intern doctor 实习医生chief of pharmacy 主任药师associate chief of pharmacy 副主任药师pharmacist-in-charge 主管药师head
8、 nurse 护士长nurse-in-charge主管护士student nurse 实习护士3. 药物词汇drug therapy 药物治疗 medicinal herbs 药用草药tablet 药片pill 药丸capsule 胶囊drug therapy 药物治疗 side effects 副反应 drug abuse 药物滥用 drugstore 药房 over the counter (OTC)非处方药 drug allergy 药物过敏 drug poisoning 药物中毒 prescription 处方 expenses for medicine 药费 charges for
9、medicine 医药费drug rebate 药品回扣 penicillin 盘尼西林aspirin 阿司匹林vitamin 维他命antibiotic 抗生素medication药物gauze 纱布eye drops 眼药pad 药棉块syrup 糖浆mixture 合剂drop 滴剂powder 药粉ointment 药膏stethoscope 听诊器syringe 注射器4. 症状相关词汇symptom 病症have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a sore throat 嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a toothache 牙
10、痛have a fever 发热have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通flu 流感asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病allergy 过敏feel dizzy 头晕stiff 僵硬的twistedsprained 扭伤的twinge 刺痛sneeze 打喷嚏hiccup 打嗝vomit 呕吐sick 恶心swelling 肿胀bump 肿块ulcer 溃疡infect 传染cramp 痉挛paralysis 麻痹，瘫痪，无能力high fever高烧 chills发冷 sweats发汗 night sweats盗汗 tir
11、edness / fatigue倦怠 insomnia失眠 stiffness in shoulder肩头发硬 sneeze打喷嚏 hiccup打嗝 itch痒 low back pain腰疼 headache头疼 pain (ache)痛 acute pain急性疼痛 severe pain激痛 dull pain钝痛pressing pain压痛 sharp pain刺痛 piercing pain戳痛 throbbing pain一跳一跳地痛 prickling pain针扎似的痛 burning pain烧痛 tearing pain裂痛 continuous pain持续痛 unco
12、mfortable不舒服 colic绞痛 radiating pain放射痛 sore pain溃烂痛 crampy pain痉挛痛 persistent pain顽痛 slight pain轻痛 bloody urine血尿 blood analysis验血 red cell红血球 white cell白血球 respiration rate呼吸数 expiration呼气 inspiration吸气 difficulty in breathing呼吸困难 irregular pulse不规则脉搏 cloudy urine尿浑浊 glucosuria糖尿 thin, skinny瘦 fat,
13、 obese肥5. 医疗手段 medical treatmentsmedical treatment 医疗 medical instruments 医疗器械 diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis prevent (v) 预防 sterilize (v) 消毒 administrate a drug 开药 prevent and treat disease (v)防治疾病 TCM 中医 chemotherapy 化疗 radioactive therapy放疗 medical service 医疗服务 complain of (v) 主述 health checkup 健康
14、普查 diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 consult the doctor(v) 咨询remedy 治疗法anesthetic 麻醉剂local anesthetic 局麻general anesthetic 全麻incidence 发生率mortality 死亡率fatality 致命性morbidity 发病率stethoscope 听诊器first aid 急救therapy 疗法anesthesia 麻醉bandage 扎上绷带dress 包扎diagnosis 诊断discharge from hospital 退院case history 病历admis
15、sion to hospital 入院soothe 安慰、缓和recover 复原、痊愈X-ray X线MRI磁共振成像feel ones pulse 测脉搏take ones blood pressure 量血压take ones temperature 量体温give a prescription 开药make up a prescription 配药take medicinetake pills 吃药get an injectionhave an injection打针operation 外科手术transplant 移植手术have an operation 动手术be admitte
16、d to hospital入院 be discharged from hospital出院 6. 医疗体制 medical systemhealthcare system 医疗体制 medical disputes 医疗纠纷 medical accident 医疗事故 doctor-patient relationship 医患关系 medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 7. 医德 medical ethicsmedical ethics 医德 patient-oriented 以病人为核心 humanistic 人道主
17、义的 compassionate 富于同情性的 considerate 体贴周到的 resolute 果断的 service quality 服务质量 7. 各类疾病词汇肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory S
18、yndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白内障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis慢性病chronic disease急性病 acute disease肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomac
19、h trouble心脏病heart disease并发症complications 高血压hypertension 肾病kidney problem 糖尿病diabetes 肥胖obesity 绝症terminal illness 不治之症 incurable illness 癌症早期cancer of early stage 癌症晚期cancer of late stage急症emergency case 重症serious illness 疑难病difficult and complicated cases 短气short breath 综合症syndrome 病程process 近视sh
20、ort-sighted （adj）传染病infectious diseases 8. 心理健康词汇sub-health 亚健康 psychological benefits 心理健康 psychological problem 心理问题 psychological consultation 心理咨询 psychological obstacles 心理障碍 mental obstacles 心理障碍 psychological massage 心理按摩 psychology 心理学/ 心理 psychotherapy 心理治疗 psychological expert 心理专家 questio
21、nnaire 问卷调查overcome 客服frustration 挫折willpower 意志力、毅力optimism 乐观optimistic 乐观的be sensitive to 对敏感nervous 神经的stress / pressure / tension 紧张depress / depressed / depression沮丧、抑郁anti-depression drugs 抗抑郁药9. 饮食，营养与健康nutrient 营养素 protein 蛋白质 fat 脂肪 glucose 葡萄糖 vitamin 维生素 sugar 糖类 heat calories quantity o
22、f heat 热量 carbohydrate 碳水化合物 soft beverage 软饮料cholesterol胆固醇 a well-balanced diet 均衡饮食nutrition 营养 nutritional 营养的 nutritious 有营养的 nutritionist 营养学家 malnutrition 营养失调 metabolism 物质代谢 fat free food 无脂食品the prepared food 熟食 grain 谷物 food shortages 食品短缺 breakfast lunch supper 一日三餐 imbalance (n) unbalan
23、ce (a) 失衡 10. 生活习惯，运动与健康life-style 生活习惯 disorder of body and mind 身心失衡physical and mental disorder 身体/心理失衡quick/high tempo of life 快节奏的生活 be accustomed to sth. 习惯ample sleep 充足的睡眠 relax oneself 自我放松physical exercises 体育锻炼entertainment 娱乐sustain the exercise habit 保持锻炼习惯constitution 体质 hormone 激素 sub
24、-health 亚健康resist mutation防癌immunomodulator免疫调节剂enthusiasm热情11. 听力中的医学词汇ambulance n救护车belly n肚，腹部bellyache n腹痛bellybutton n脐bile n胆汁bladder n囊，膀胱 bosom n胸；内心；胸bowel n肠；内部cardiogram n心电图casualty n伤亡事故；伤亡人员chamber n议院；腔，心室chemotherapy n化疗chromosome n染色体chronic a慢性的，长期的clone v克隆cocaine n可卡因coma n昏迷cons
25、tipation n便秘contaminate v弄脏，污染cramp n夹，钳；痉挛，绞痛deficiency n缺乏；营养缺乏症diarrhea n腹泻carbondioxiden二氧化碳disinfect v杀菌，消毒drowsy a昏昏欲睡的；催眠的dysfunction n功能障碍，功能不良fragrance n芬芳；香味；香气gastric a胃的gastritis n胃炎hepatitis n肝炎hormone n荷尔蒙，激素hospitalize v使住院hypertension n高血压immunodeficiency n免疫缺陷；免疫缺损infectious a传染的，传染
26、性的inpatient n，住院病人insane a精神错乱的；精神病的inspection n检查，检验；审查inspire v使产生灵感；鼓舞lethal a致死的，致命的malfunction n故障；功能碍障medicinal a药的；药用的；台疗的morphine n吗啡nausea n恶心；晕船obesity n肥胖症scalpel n手术刀scan v扫描；审视；浏览suicide nv自杀vaccinate v接种；种牛痘ward n看护，监护；病房；监房12. 其他词汇wholesome 有益健康的hygiene 卫生to get vaccinated 接种sick pers
27、on, patient 病员，患者sickly 多病ailment, complaint 疾病unwell, indisposed 不适的ulcer 溃疡wound 创伤，伤口lesion 损害injury 损伤rash, eruption 疹spot 点，斑pimple 丘疹，小疮blackhead 黑头粉刺blister 水疱scab, boil 痂scar 癜痕wart 疣,肉赘callus, callosity 胼胝corn 鸡眼chilblain 冻疮bruise 挫伤bump 肿块swelling 肿胀contusion 挫伤sprain, twist 扭伤fracture 骨折case 病例incubation 潜伏epidemic 流行病fever 热attack, access, fit 发作coughing fit 咳嗽发作to take to ones bed 卧床faint 晕厥dizziness 眩晕to feel sick 恶心to lose consciousness失去知觉concussion 震荡coma 昏迷diet 饮食treatment 疗法to get better, to improve好转cure 治愈relapse 复发