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1、 57 A truth table is a list of the possible input variable state combinations of a circuit listed in binary sequential order with the corresponding output state for each combinations listed in an adjacent column table 1 shows the binary numbers corresponding to the decimal number from zero to fiftee
2、n.真值表是这样的一个表格，电路中可能输入的所有不同状态与输出端的每种组合一一对应，表1表示了与十进制015一一对应的二进制数。 103Computer automation of factories , homes, and offices is ushering a new era of industrial revolution. this automation of the future will significantly advance one industrial civilization and profoundly influence the quality of human
3、 life on this planet. Microcomputer-based intelligent motion control systems which constitute the workhorses in the automated environment will plan a significant role in the forthcoming era.工业家庭和办公系统的计算机自动化，开创了工业革命的新纪元。在不远的将来，这种自动化的实现将大大加快工业化发展的步伐，深刻地影响着生活在这个星球上的人类的生活质量。建立在微机控制基础上的智能运动控制系统，将成为自动化领域中
4、的主力军，并将在下一个世纪中起着举足轻重的作用。Gradually, the use of integrated signal electronics simplified the electronic control hardware. The introduction of microcomputers in the early 1970s profoundly influenced motion control systems, not only by simplifying the control hardware, but by adding intelligence as well
5、 as diagnostic capability to the system.集成信号电子学的应用组建的简化了电子控制的硬件。20世纪80年代年代早期微型计算机的应用，由于其不仅建华了系统的控制硬件，而且在系统中映入智能控制技术和故障诊断能力，因而对运行控制系统差生了根本性的影响。Mechanical motion control systems found widespread acceptance in industry since the invention of the steam engine started the first industrial revolution in e
6、ighteenth century, when mass industrial manufacturing replaced manual labor 18世纪蒸汽机的发明开启了第一次工业革命，到时大规模的工业生产代替了手工劳动。The advent of computer technology and microelectronics during recent years has brought us to the doorstep of a second industrial revolution近年来计算机技术和为电子学的发展，开启了人类历史上的第二次工业革命的里程碑。.Compute
7、-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) are playing increasingly important roles in factory automation.。计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造在工业自动化中占着越来越重要的位置。in Japan, the world lender in factory automation, almost two hundred thousand robots are in operation today. This is about 60 percent of all industrial
8、 robots in the world.。在日本这样一个工业自动化处于世界领先地位的国度里，现有20万台机器人投入了运行，占世界工业机器人总量的60%， 149substation automation is the use of state-of-the-art computers，communications，and networking equipment to optimize substation operations and to facilitate remote monitoring and control of substations cost effectively。Su
9、bstation automation uses intelligent electronic devices in the substation to provide enhanced integrated and coordinated monitoring and control capabilities。Substation automation may include traditional SCADA equipment，but more often encompass traditional SCADA functionality while providing extended
10、 monitoring and control capabilities through the use of non-traditional system elements。所谓变电站自动化，就是利用先进的计算机，通讯和网络设备对变电站进行优化，执行远程监控功能，以与有效的控制变电站的运行成本。变电站自动化在电站中采用智能化的电子设备，以提高监测和控制的集成和协调能力。变电站自动化系统可能还包含传统的监控与数据采集系统的设备，但更多的情况是其通过采用非传统的系统设备，提高了系统的监测和控制能力，从而扩展了传统的监控与数据采集系统的能力。237In summary，wind power is
11、a practically unlimited ,clean and emissions free power source, of which only a tiny fraction is currently being exploited.总而言之，风力发电是一个取之不尽的，清洁无污染，无核放射的能源，然而目前只利用了其中的很小一部分。CSatisfying rocketing electricity demand and reducing air pollution are the main driving forces behind the development of wind e
12、nergy in china .given the countrys substantial coal resources and the still relatively low coast of coal-fired generation, coast reduction of wind power is an equally crucial issue .this is being addressed through the development of large scale projects and local manufacture of turbines.满足迅速发展的电力需求和
13、减少空气污染是中国风能发展的动力。降低风能成本与国家提供大量煤炭资源，进而提供成本相对较低的燃煤发电时同样重要的问题。目前这一目标正在通过推广大型项目和促进国内风机生产的两项措施加紧实现。244China is meeting three major challenges faceing in the energy supply.The first one is a very acute contradiction between energy supply and demand,the second,the contradiction between the demand for energ
14、y and the rather less resource reserves per capita. And the third one is the coal-dominated energy structure is irrational,which cause a larage number of serious environmental pollution a serious greenhouse gases problem with the coal-firing. To cope with these challenges,China must take active meas
15、ures to gradually change the must current energy structure unreasonable.中国的能源供应面临着三大挑战，第一，能源供需矛盾极为尖锐；第二，能源发展需求与中国能源资源储量的人均拥有量相对不足之间也存在着尖锐的矛盾；第三，以煤炭为主的能源结构不合理，大量燃煤污染造成严重污染和严重温室气体效应问题。为应对上述挑战，中国必须采取积极采取措施，逐步改变目前不合理的能源结构状况。Fast reactor,as a follow-up to the development of advanced。257China has abundant
16、 biomass resources and the total biomass in theory is close to 1500million tons of standard coal.By2020,the biomass development and utilization amount will be up to 500 million tons of standard coal, which is equivalent to more than 0.15 increase in energy supply. Compared with the traditional fossi
17、l fuels, biomass energy is clean energy and the carbon dioxide emissions after the burning belong to the natural world carbon cycle ,WHICH WILL not formate the new pollution the natural world .the biomass sulfur content is very low ,only 0.03,less than a quarter of the one in the coal. The developme
18、nt of biomass generation and the implementation of alternatives to coal can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions ,resulting in huge environmental benefits.我国生物质能资源非常丰富，全国生物质能的理论资源总量接近15亿吨标煤。到2020年生物质能开发利用量达到5亿吨标煤，这就相当于增加了15%以上的能源供应。与传统的矿物燃料相比，生物质能属于清洁能源，其燃烧后二氧化碳排放属于自然界的碳循
19、环，不会对自然街形成新的污染。生物质能含硫两基地，仅为0.03，还不到煤炭含硫量的1/4.发展生物质发电，实施煤炭代替，可显著减少二氧化碳和二氧化硫排放，产生巨大的环境效益。The chinses governmentAs the number one power country in the world ,the United States also attaches a great importance to the development of bioenergy.In as early as 1991,The united states department of Energy had
20、 a biological power generation plan and the first training region in its regional biomass energy program began in as early as 1979.作为世界头号强国，美国也十分重视生物能源的发展，美国能源部早在1991年就提出了生物发电计划，而美国能源部的区域性生物质能源计划的第一个实验区早在1979年就已开始。276 Be programmed to operate without human intervention.Sequences of istructions to pe
21、rform input ,arithmetic ,logical,output,and storage opreations can be written and placed insidea conputer and executed automatically. 编程后可在无人干预下运行。指令执行程序输入、算数、逻辑、输出和储存等操作功能的指令编程能写入和置于计算机内，并能自动执行。 After processing is completed by CPU,the results are returned to memory to await further processing,tran
22、sfer to storage,or output.The main function of output devices is to transform information from machine-readable to human-readable from.Thus, output devices performa communication function so that people can access and understand the results of processing. cpu在处理完程序后，其结果被送至储存器中，或是等待下一步的处理，或是转送至储存器，或是
23、输出。输出装置的主要功能是将机器易识别的性息转换为人易识别的性息。因此，正是由于输出装置具有这样的功能，人们才得以获取和了解处理结果309 Unit5The term data communications refers to the capability of computers to exchange data over telecommunications channels such as telephone lines ,coaxial cables,and microwave carriers .数据通信指的是计算机通过电话线.同轴电缆.微博载波等这样一些远程通信线路交换数据的能力To perform data communications,a personal computer must be equipped with a piece of hardware called a modern.the term ,modern, stands for”modulator-demodulator”. 为了完成数据通信，个人计算机必须配置成为调制解调器的硬件。“modern”这个词是 “modulator-demodulator”（调制解调器）这个词的缩写