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1、-初中英语句型转换和同义词转换-第 6 页一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换 1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如： A：Tom does well in maths. B：Tom doesnt do in maths. A：He has much to do. B：He has nothing to do. A：All of my classmates like art. B：None of my classm
2、ates likes art. 2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如： A：My brother often has breakfast at school. B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school? A：Toms already weak in English. B：Toms already weak in English, isnt he ? A：The red light changes every two minutes. B：How often does the red ligh
3、t change? 3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如： A：This is an interesting book. B：What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is! 二、同义句转换。 根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下： 1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。 常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spendtakecosttake）；(2)三个“到达”（get toreacharri
4、ve in/at）；(3)四个“收到来信”（hear fromget a letter fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter from）；(4)两个“擅长于”（be good at do well in）；(5)两个“有空”（be freehave time）；(6)三个“入睡”（go to sleepget to sleepfall asleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneselfhave a good time）；(8)“给打电话”（call sbtelephone sbring sb. a callmake a telephone
5、 to sb.）(9)“飞往”（fly togo toby air/plane）(10)“自学”（teach oneselflearnby oneself）(11)在方面帮助helpwithhelp (to)do(12)在差be weak indo badly in(13)能/会canbe able to(14)更喜欢likebetter thanpreferto(15)充满了be full ofbe filled with(16)放弃干give up doingstop doing(17)不再 no longernot any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care oflook
6、 after(19)展览 on showon display(20)阻止干stopfrom doingkeep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks tobecause of(22)举手hands upput up ones hands(23)最后，终于at lastin the end(24)与不同 be different frombe not the same as(25)从借入 borrowfromlendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go toby bus/train/taxitake a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行车去 go tob
7、y bikeride a bike to(28)为感到自豪 be proud ofbe the pride of(29)步行去 walk togo toon foot (30)独自地by oneself alone等。例如： A：The children had a good time in the park. B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有It seems that 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is
8、 kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is wrong with notuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike?How do you like?What do you think of?Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts said t
9、hatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如： A：I went to bed after I finished my homework. B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如： A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park. B：Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park. A：If you dont hurry
10、, youll be late. B：Hurry up, or youll be late. A：Fish cant live if there is no water. B：Fish cant live without water. 4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buyhave, borrowkeep, diebe dead, openbe open, joinbe in+组织/be a +成员, beginbe on, leavebe away from, closebe closed, arrive
11、 in/ get to/ come/go tobe in/at, finshbe over, go to sleepbe asleep，get upbe up.例如：The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has been dead for five months.Its five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died. 5、简单句与复合
12、句之间的转换。 含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如： A：I saw they were playing football on the playground. B：I saw them playing football on the playground. A：The teacher found that she was very clever. B：The teacher found her very clever. A：He found that it was hard to learn English well. B：He found it hard to learn Englis
13、h well. A：We are sure that we will win to first match. B：We are sure to win to first match. 由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如： A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station? A：We dont know what we should do next. B：We dont know what t
14、o do next. 由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如： A：They went home after they finished their work. B：The went home after finishing their work. A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China. B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to C
15、hina. When sb. +be+数词+years oldat the age of+岁数 A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper. B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. 由sothat引导的结果状语从句可转化为tooto do或enough to do例如： A：The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. B：The box is too heavy
16、for me to carry. 或：The box isnt light enough for me to carry. A：The child is so old that he can go to school. B：The child is old enough to go to school. 由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如： A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. B：My father got up early this m
17、orning in order to catch the early bus. 由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of例如： A：We didnt go to the park because it rained. B：We didnt go to the park because of the rain. 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如： A：The man who is on the bike is Jim. B：The man on the bike is Jim. A：The man who is driving the red car is my
18、 boss. B：The man driving the red car is my boss. A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister. B：The girl called Mary is my sister. 6、用并列连词neithernor；eitheror；bothand；not onlybut also连句。例如： A：I havent seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasnt either. B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A：T
19、om is good at maths, and he is good at French, too. B：Tom is good at both maths and French. neithernor, eitheror和not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是bothand用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。 7、主动语与被动语态的互变。 “主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如： A：They make watches in the town. B：Watches
20、 are made by them in the town. A：I can finish the work before eight. B：The work can be finished（by me）before eight. A：Do they grow rice in South China? B：Is rice grown in South China? 注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to. A：I saw him take your umbrell
21、a. B：He was seen to take your umbrella. 8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如 A：Chinese is the most important subject of all. B：Chinese is more important than any other subject. A：This exercise is easier than the other two. B：This exercise is the easiest of the three. .解题指导 要做好句型转换题，必须注意如下几点： 1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构
22、表达技巧。 2、弄清题意，明确题目考查点，了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。 3、注意从多角度，全方位考虑问题，突破难点，注意复查，看是否按要求完成了转换。同义句转换的九种类型k. 分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。 4. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them. 分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。 七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换 即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复
23、合句变成同义的并列句。如： 1. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 分析：答案为If，dont。if引导条件状语从句。 2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another talk this week. 分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ tha
24、t gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。 八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子 即运用关联连词bothand，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如： 1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either. _ Tom _ Jim can spea
25、k Japanese well. 分析：答案填Neither，nor。neithernor表示“和（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。 2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book. 分析：答案为Both，and。bothand的意思是“和（两者）都”。 3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes
26、_ _ mens clothes. 分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅而且”之意。 九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换 这类典型结构如sothat，tooto，enough to，notuntil，so do I等。如： 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 分析：答案为so do。句意为“他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework. 分析：答案为didnt，until。notuntil意为“直到才”。