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1、-初三英语寒假课程-第 101 页初三英语寒假课程一、课程说明课程介绍本课程以译林牛津版整个初三的重点、难点为基础，融合中考大纲上重点语 法，点拨阅读、完形、写作方法与策略。侧重突破识记词汇、词组、句型，讲授课文和语法重点、难点及学生阅读、完形、写作综合能力的提升。课程能够帮助学生赢在初三寒假这个分水岭，特别有利于学生在初三下学期的学习，让学生在知识、能力、方法上都有一个良好的开端和把握。本课程主要选择近三年的重点中学及中考真题作为练习题。其解题方法不受地域的限定，全国通用。本课程特别针对初三寒假的学生而设置，有很强的实用性和指导性，其答题思路与解体题技巧对其他年级的学生同样适用。课程特色课程
2、站在中考的高度上，讲授词汇、语法，课文重点、难点，点拨阅读、完形方法和技巧，区别于学校的走课本的授课方法，本课程狠抓每单元的词汇词组句型记忆，语法精通，课文重点、难点讲解及阅读、完形、写作方法与技巧。课程编写体例与课程定制编写体例：本课程适合英语初三学习者复习使用，各版块基本按照“知识要点列举”、“例题精析”、“课堂巩固练习”、“课后自测”的体例编写。课程定制：共十一个专题， 30个课时完成，计划每课时用时40-45分钟。二、课程内容第 二 讲 代词一 考 情 分 析中考分值代词是中考的必考点，一般分值在2分左右，占的比率在2左右。考查方式这部分考查的重点一般有：不定代词、反身代词及疑问代词的
3、使用及其他代词的灵活运用；作文中对代词的正确运用等。二 知 识 回 顾1代词的含义及类别。2常见代词的基本用法。（一） 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和 格 ， 如下表所示。 第一人称第二人称第三人称主格宾格主格宾格主格宾格单数复数2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作 主语，宾格作宾语。如： _I_ like table tennis. （作 主语）Do you know _him_? （作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its _me_.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如
4、：He is older than _me_.He is older than _I_ am.（二） 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。 人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称第二人称第三人称复数第一人称第二人称第三人称2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： _Our_ teacher is coming to see us. This is _my_ pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and _th
5、eirs_ is there.（作主语） - Is this English-book _yours_? （作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished _yours_? （作宾语）（三） 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： _This_ is a pen and _that_ _is a pencil We are b
6、usy _these_ days In _those_ days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. _That_s why I didnt come. What I want to say is _this_ ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Bei
7、jing are just as good as _those_ made in Shanghai 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is _that_ _Jack speaking?（四）反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called _himself_ _a
8、writer Would you please express _yourself_ in English?2. 作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be _myself_ _soon The girl in the news is _herself_ 3. 作 主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I _myself _washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes _myself_.）（作 主语同位语） You should ask the teacher _yourself_（作宾语同位语）（五）不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做
9、不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。（见重难点突破）（六） 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one a
10、nothers books. （作定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）（七.）疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊 疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：_Who_ is going to come here tomorrow? （作 主语）_What_ is that? (作表语)_Whose_ umbrella is this? (作定语)_Who_ are you waiting
11、 for? (作宾语)（八）关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people _who_ talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph _thatwhich_ you sent me with your letter.With the money _thatwhich_ he had saved, he went on with
12、 his studies.Do you know the lady _who_ is interviewing our headmaster?三. 重 点 突 破类型 一 ：反身代词的正确使用1. 主宾一致2. 同位语1. Help _yourself_ (you) to some fruit, Jack.2. -Who taught your brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _himself_ (he).3. Did you enjoy _yourselves_ (you), Mary and Kate?4. The earth _itse
13、lf_(it) is round.5. No one helped Millie. She did it all by _herself_.(she)搭配练习（A类）1. Mary, please show _D_ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 2. -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _B_ interesting? -Im afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything3. _D_ of them has his own opinion. A
14、. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each4. -Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _A_ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers5. -Can I have some more ice cream, Mum? -Sorry. There is_ _A_ left in the fridge.A. none B. nothing C. no one D. anything类型二：不定代词的辨析 1. some与any的区别2. few, a few, little, a lit
15、tle在用法上的区别3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩4. every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两
16、者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物5. 全部否定：no, none, nobody, no one, neither( nor) 部分否定： all, both, every, each, everything, everybody等加上否定词 not, never 等构成 全部肯定：all, both, every, each, everything, everybody等6. nobody, no one, none nobody = no one，指没有一个人 none, 指没有一个人或物（数量上），后可加of, 加of时谓语动词可单可复7. both, eithe
17、r, neither; all, noneboth，指两者都，后可加of，与否定词连用表示部分否定，全部否定为neither；either常与or连用，表示两者中的其中之一，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则； neither常与nor连用，表示两者都不，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则；all表示三者及三者以上的全部（人或物），与否定词连用表示部分否定，全部否定为none8. one，it比较：二者都可以替代上文出现过的名词。one表示泛指，表示同类中的任何一个。It表特指，指代上文出现过的某一物，即同一事物。搭配练习（B类）1. The old man has two sons. One is a work
18、er, _the other_ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _others_ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got a little time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _none_ of us would like to have a rest.5. The old pen
19、is broken, Id like _B_ one to write with. A. the other B. another C. others D. the others类型三：疑问代词与动词不定式的搭配及定语从句中关系代词的选择1. I dont know which room to live in.2. What did you do that for?学习心得用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空1. _What_ is the population of the world today?2. _Who_ jumped the longest of all in the long jum
20、p?3. - _What_ color is your mothers dress? -Its black.4. -_Which_ is your car? -The red one in front of the tree.5. -_Which_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle？-I know， sir. Its instruction.6. The necklace _thatwhich_ she is wearing is beautiful.7. Do you know the person _thatw
21、ho_ lost his bike?8. Most people _who_that_ live in less developed countries are quite poor.9. The boy whothat is helping the old man is Johns brother.10. People whothat use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful四 复 习 建 议 本节内容是中考中的必考点，考点主要是在对代词的灵活运用，尤其是对不定代词和反身代词的考查。学生在复习的过程中所需要注意的
22、事项就是如何掌握它们之间的辨析及具体用法。需要熟练把握各个代词的意义及用法，所以学生还是要在平时的训练中多去总结和归纳。五课后作业（A类）1. “May I borrow your dictionary, Jim?” “Oh, sorry. It isnt _mine_ (my).”2. Daniels mother has devoted _herself_ (she) to the teaching of Home Economics.3. The books on the shelf are ours. Those on the floor are_ theirs_ (they).4.
23、-My watch keeps good time. What about _yours_（you）？-Mine？ Oh， two minutes slow.5. _Both_ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _yourselves_.7. It is said there is going to be _something_ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _none_ of
24、 the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _anything_ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _it_ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _her_ country.（B类）1.You may come to my house _C_ this week _ next week.A .neit
25、her; or B .from; to C .either; or D. either; nor2.I dont think we can do it all _A_.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourselves D .by yourselves3.I dont want this shirt. Please show me _C_.A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4.I cant repair the model ship _C_. Can you help ?A .me; me B.
26、myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5.Does your brother often wash clothes B ?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English , math and some C subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7.I have two sisters. A of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.The b
27、ook on the shelf is A . She wrote name on its cover .A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself9. Dont worry . Theres A much wrong with you. said the doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very 10.These shoes are too small. You may buy some _B
28、_ shoes.A .another B .other C .the .others D. others 11.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but _D_ of them came .A .another B. other C .the others D .others 12.They are _ the same size , so you may take _D_ half of the cake.A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either 13.Be
29、tty and John have come back , but _A_ students in the class arent here yet.A. the other B others C. another D. the others14.Your mother is kindness _B_. A .itself B. herself oneself D .himself15.She stayed there longer than _D_.A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else16.Is this her bike
30、? No, it isnt . Its _A_.A. mine B. my C. me D. hes17. _C_ Li Pings brother. A. Her B. His C. Hes D. Shes18.He is a boy. B name is Wang Bing. A. He B. His C. Her D. Hes19.Whats this? C . A. Its a bread B. It is a bread C. Its bread D. This is bread20.The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in
31、 B .A. the B. them C. it D. he 21.Let C have a meeting .A. me B. you C. us D. me 22. Mother often sees B on Sunday .A. her all friends B. all her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.23.When you see Tom and his sister , tell C that mother is waiting at the gate.A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ;
32、their D. his ; her 24.He wants you to talk D about China.A .anything B .nothing C. thing D .something25.Granny seems ill . Are you sure its A ?A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything （ C 类）1. If _B_ steps on the grass, tell _to come to the teachers office.A. som
33、eone; them B. anyone; him C. anybody; them D. everyone; him2. On Christmas Day, _C_ of us was excited because we each _a present.A. every one; was given B. everyone; was givenC. every one; were given D. everyone; were given3. Would you like _B_ sugar in your coffee ?Yes, only _.A. any; a few B. some
34、; a little C. some; few D. any; little4.We think the actors in Friendship act better than_ _B_ in Spaceman on earth.A. that B. those C. the one D. ones5.He has_ B_ daughter. She is very pretty.A. a few B. a little C. few D. little6.-How much homework has your cousin finish ? -_A_ at all. He has sat
35、there the whole morning, doing_.A. None; nothing B. Nothing; none C. No one; nothing D. Nothing; none7.-What should we give away to the homeless people ? -_B_ will do as long as we can keep them warm.A. Everything B. Anything C. Nothing D. Something8. -I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go
36、 to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily ?-_C_ Lily _I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden. A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Either, nor【中考链接】（2010苏州，1）-Wow! Youve got so many skirts. -But_ D_ of them are in fashion now.A. all B. both C. nei
37、ther D. none(2010苏州，13)-Why dont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _C_?A. it B. that C. one D. this(2010徐州，6)The old pen is broken, Id like B_ _one to write with.A. the other B. another C. others D. the others(2010连云港，8)Maybe the disaster can destroy our homes, but D_ can destroy the love
38、between people.A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing(2010无锡)-Do you know _A_ this dictionary belongs to? -Let me see. Oh, its_.A. who; mine B. who; me C. whose; mine D. whose; me(2010上海闸北区)I knew _C_ about curling( 冰壶 ) until the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.A. something B. anything
39、 C. nothing D. everything(2008南京)-Who helped you with you English ? -_A_! I learned it on my own.A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody(2010湖北宜昌)-I feel a bit thirsty .Would you like some tea, too? -Yes. Just_A_.A. a little B. some C. a few D. a lot(2010重庆)-What do you think of the students i
40、deas about the trip? -I dont agree with _B_. But I think some of them are very good.A. any B. all C. nothing D. anything(2010常州)Your digital watch is quite nice. Where did you buy _? I want to buy _C_, too .A. one; one B. it ; it C. it; one D. one; it 六 错题记录错题题号错误原因错误知识点小结课堂练习课后作业第 三 讲 介词一 考情分析中考分值介
41、词是中考的考点，一般分值在2分左右，占的比率在2左右。考查方式这部分考查的重点一般有：时间介词、地点介词及方式介词的使用及介词与动词等词的搭配的灵活运用；作文中对相关介词的正确运用等。二 知 识 回 顾1介词的含义及类别。2常见介词的基本用法。（1）表时间的介词1）at， in； on：表示时间点用at。例如：_at_ six oclock， _at_ noon， _at_ midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：_in_ the nineteenth century， _in_ 2002， _in_ may， _in_ winter，
42、 _in_ the morning， _in_ the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：_on_ Monday， _on_ July 1st， _on_ Sunday morning等。2） since， after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him _since_ last summer._After_ five days
43、 the boy came back.3） in， afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back _in_ two months.He will arrive _after_ four oclock.He returned _after_ a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at， in， onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived _in_ Shanghai yesterday.They arrived _at_ a small village before dark.There is a big hole _in_ the wall.Th