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1、常用有机化学名字缩写A adenosineA alanineAA arachidonic acidAA asymmetric aminohydroxylationAAA asymmetric allylic alkylationAAC1 unimolecular acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with acyl scissionAAC2 bimolecular acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with acyl scissionAAL1 unimolecular acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with alcoholic scis
2、sionAAS atomic absorption spectroscopyABS alkylbenzenesulfonateAc acetylac anticlinalacac acetylacetonatoacaen N,N-bis(1-methyl-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediamineACBZ 4-azidobenzyloxycarbonylACE alpha-chloroethoxycarbonylACHC 2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acidAcHmb 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzylAcm acetamido
3、methylACP acyl carrier proteinACTH adrenocorticotropic hormoneAD asymmetric dihydroxylationad adamantylADDP 1,1-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidineAde adenineAdE2 bimolecular electrophilic additionADMET acyclic diene metathesis polymerizationAdoc 1-adamantyloxycarbonylADP adenosine 5-diphosphateAdpoc 1-(1-a
4、damantyl)-1-methylethoxycarbonylAE asymmetric epoxidationAIBN 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrileAla alanineAlloc allyloxycarbonylAls allylsulfonylAm amyl (or n-pentyl)AMP adenosine 5-monophosphateamu atomic mass unitAN acceptor numberAn (or AN) p-anisyl (4-methoxyphenyl)anhyd anhydrousAnpe 2-(4-acetyl-2-nit
5、rophenyl)ethylANRORC anionic ring-opening ring-closingANS 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonateAO atomic orbitalAOC allyloxycarbonylp-AOM p-anisyloxymethylAOT sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinateap antiperiplanarAPCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionizationaq aqueousAQN anthraquinoneAr aryl (or argon)A
6、ra arabinoseArg arginineAsn asparagineAsp aspartic acidATD aluminum tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide)atm atmosphereATP adenosine 5-triphosphateATPH aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide)au atomic unitAzb p-azidobenzylAZT 3-azido-3-deoxythymidineBAC2 bimolecular base-catalyzed hydrolysis with a
7、cyl scission Bam benzamidomethylBBA butane-2,3-bisacetalBBN (9-BBN) 9-borabicyclononaneBCME bis(chloromethyl)etherBCN N-benzyloxycarbonyloxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximideBDMS biphenyldimethylsilylBDPP (2R,4R)or(2S,4S)-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentaneBdt 1,3-benzodithiolan-2-ylBEP principle Bell-Evans-
8、Polanyi principleBER borohydride exchange resinBET back electron transferBetsyl benzothiazole-2-sulfonylBHT butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol)Bic 5-benzisoxazolymethoxycarbonylBICP 2(R)-2(R)-bis(dipenylphosphino)-1(R),1(R)-dicyclopentaneBim 5-benzisoazolymethyleneBimoc benzinden-3-yl
9、methoxycarbonylBINAL-H 2,2-dihydroxy-1,1-binaphthyl lithium aluminum hydrideBINAP(binap) 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-binaphthylBINAPO 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoxy)-1,1-binaphthylBINAPO 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-1,1-binaphthylBINOL 1,1-bi-2,2-naphtholBIPSOP N-2,5-bis(triisopropylsiloxy)pyrrolylbi
10、py (bpy) 2,2-bipyridyl or 2,2-bipyridine (bpy)BLA Brnsted acid-assisted chiral Lewis acidBMB o-(benzoyloxymethyl)benzoylbmim 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cationBmpc 2,4-dimethylthiophenoxycarbonylBmpm bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-pyrenylmethylBMS borane-dimethyl sulfide complexBn benzylBNAH 1-benzyl-1,4-di
11、hydronicotinamideBnpeoc 2,2-bis(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonylBOB 4-benzyloxybutyrylBoc t-butoxycarbonylBOM benzyloxymethylBOP benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphateBOP-CI bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloridebp boiling pointBPD bis(pinacolato)diboronB2Pin2 bis(p
12、inacolato)diboronBPO benzoyl peroxideBpoc 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenyl)ethoxycarbonylBPPFA 1-ethyldimethylamineBPS (TBDPS) t-butyldiphenylsilylbpy 2,2-bipyridyl (or 2,2-bipyridine)BQ benzoquinoneBRM biological response modifierBroP bromotris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphateBs p-bromobenzenesu
13、lfonyl (brosyl)BSA bovine serum albuminBSA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamideBsmoc 1,1-dioxobenzothiophene-2-ylmethoxycarbonylBt 1- or 2-benzotriazolylBTAF benzyltrimethylammonium fluorideBTEA benzyltriethylammoniumBTEAC benzyltriethylammonium chlorideBTFP 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-oneBTMA benzy
14、ltrimethylammoniumBTMSA bis(trimethylsilyl)acetyleneBTS bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfateBTSA benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acidBTSP bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxideBu (n-Bu) butylBum t-butoxymethylBus t-butylsulfonylBz benzoylbZIP basic leucine zipperBzl (Bn) benzylC cytidineC cysteinec cyclo18-C-6 18-crown-6ca cir
15、ca(approximately)CA chloroacetylCAEB 2-benzoylCALI chromophore-assisted laser inactivationCam carboxamidomethylCAMB 2-(chloroacetoxymethyl)benzoylcAMP cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphateCAN cerium() ammonium nitrateCAT chloramine Tcat catalyticCB catecholboraneCBS Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reagentCbz (Z)
16、benzyloxycarbonylcc. or conc. concentratedCCE constant current electrolysisCD circular dichroismCD cyclodextrinCDA cyclohexane-1,2-diacetalCDI carbonyl diimidazoleCDM 2-cyano-1,1-dimethylethylcDNA complementary deoxyribonucleic acidCDP cytidine 5-diphosphateCE 2-cyanoethylCee 1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl
17、CHD 1,3 or 1,4-cyclohexadienecHex cyclohexylCHIRAPHOS 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butaneChx (Cy) cyclohexylCI chemical ionizationCIDNP chemical ly induced dynamic nuclear polarizationCIMS chemical ionization mass spectrometryCIP 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidinium hexafluorophosphateClimoc 2-chloro-3
18、-indenylmethoxycarbonylCM (XMET) cross metathesiscmc critical micelle concentrationCMMP cyanomethylenetrimethyl phosphoraneCMP cytidine 5-monophosphateCMPI 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodideCMR carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonanceCms carboxymethylsulfenylCN coordination numberCne 2-cyanoethylCoA coe
19、nzyme ACoc cinnamyloxycarbonylCOD 1,5-cyclooctadieneCoQ coenzyme QCOSY correlation spectroscopyCOT cyclooctatetraeneCp cyclopentadienylCp* 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienylCpeoc 2-(cyano-1-phenyl)ethoxycarbonylCPK Corey-Pauling-Koltun(models)CPTr 4,4,4-tris(4,5-dichlorophthalimido)triphenylmethy
20、lCPTS collidinium p-toluenesulfonateCRA complex reducing agentCr-PILC chromium-pillared clay catalystCSA camphor-10-sulfonic acidCSI chlorosulfonyl isocyanateCT charge transferCTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromideCTAC cetyltrimethylammonium chlorideCTAP cetyltrimethylammonium permanganateCTMP 1-4-meth
21、oxypiperidin-4-ylCTP cytidine 5-triphosphateCV cyclic voltammetryCy cyclohexylc.y. chemical yieldCyd cytidineCys cysteineCys-Cys cystineCyt cytosineD aspartic acid2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid2D two-dimensional3D three-dimensionald daysDABCO 1,4-diazabicyclooctaneDAIB 3-exo-dimethylaminoisobo
22、rneolDAM di-p-anisylmethylDAST diethylaminosulfur trifluorideDATE 1,1-di-p-anisyl-2,2,2-trichloroethylDATMP diethylaluminum 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidideDBA dibenzylideneacetoneDBAD di-tert-buthylazodicarboxylateDBD-Tmoc 2,7-di-t-butylmethoxycarbonylDBI dibromoisocyanuric acidDBM dibenzoylmethaneDBN
23、 1,5-diazabicyclonon-5-eneDBPC 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresolDBS dibenzosuberylDBSA dodesylbenzenesulfonic acidDB-t-BOC 1,1-dimethyl-2,2-dibromoethoxycarbonylDBU 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-eneDCA deoxycorticosterone acetateDCA 9,10-dicyanoanthraceneDCB 1,4-dicyanobenzeneDCB 1,2-dichlorobenzeneDCC dicyclohexyl
24、carbodiimideDCE 1,1-dichloroethaneDCHA dicyclohexylamineDCM dichloromethaneDCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylureaDCN 1,4-dicyanonaphthaleneDcpm dicyclopropylmethylDCU N,N-dicyclohexylureaDde 2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethylDDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinoneDDT 2,2-bis(p-
25、chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethaneDdz 1-methyl-1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxycarbonylde diastereomeric excessDEAD diethyl azodicarboxylateDEG diethylene glycoldeg degreeDEIPS diethylisopropylsilylDEM diethoxymethylDEPBT 3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-oneDEPE 1,2-bis(diethylphosph
26、ino)ethaneDET diethyl tartrateDHEG dihydroxyethylglycineDHP 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranDHQ dihydroquinineDHQD dihydroquinidine(DHQ)2PHAL bis(dihydroquinino)phthalazine(DHQD)2PHAL bis(dihydroquinidino)phthalazineDIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylateDIB (BAIB, PIDA) (diacetoxyiodo)benzeneDIBAH (DIBAL) diisobutyl
27、aluminium hydrideDIC diisopropyl carbodiimidedien diethylenetriamineDiglyme diethylene glycol dimethyl etherDim 1,3-dithianyl-2-methylDIOP 2,2-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,3-dioxolaneDIPAMP 1,2-bisethaneDIPCDI 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimideDIPEA diisopropylethylamineDIPHOS 1,2-bis(diphen
28、ylphosphino)ethaneDIPT diisopropyl tartrateDLP dilauroyl peroxideDMA N,N-dimethylacetamideDmab 4-N-aminobenzylDMAC N,N-dimethylacetamideDMAD dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylateDMAD dimethyl azodicarboxylateDMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridineDMAPP dimethylallyl pyrophosphateDMB dimethoxybenzylDMB 3,5-dimethoxyb
29、enzoinDmb 2,4-dimethoxybenzylDMDO dimethyl dioxiraneDME 1,2-dimethoxyethaneDMF N,N-dimethylformamideDMG directed metalation groupdmg dimethylglyoximato(2-)DMI 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-oneDMIPS dimethylisopropylsilylDmoc dithianylmethoxycarbonylDMP 1,3-dimethoxypropaneDMP Dess-Martin periodinaneDmp
30、 dimethylphosphinylDmp 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentylDMPM 3,4-dimethoxybenzylDMPS dimethylphenylsilylDMPU 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidone(N,N-dimethyl propylene urea)DMS dimethylsulfideDMSO dimethyl sulfoxideDMT 4,4-dimethoxytritylDMTMM 4-(4,6-dimethoxytriazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chlo
31、rideDMTr di(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl or dimethoxytritylDMTSF dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborateDMTST dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonateDN donor numberDNA deoxyribonucleic acidDNase deoxyribonucleaseDNB m-dinitrobenzeneDNB p,p-dinitrobenzhydrylDNF 2,4-dinitrofluo
32、robenzeneDNFB 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzeneDNMBS 4-(4,8-dimethoxynaphthylmethyl)benzenesulfonylDNMR dynamic NMRDNP 2,4-dinitrophenolDnp 2,4-dinitrophenylDnpe 2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylDnpeoc 2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonylDNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazoneDns dansyl (5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfony
33、l)DNs 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonylDnseoc 2-dansylethoxycarbonylDobz p-(dihydroxyboryl)benzyloxycarbonylDoc 2,4-dimethylpent-3-yloxycarbonylDOCA deoxycorticosterone acetateDoM directed ortho metalationDOP dioctylphthalate (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)DOPA -(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanineDOPS dimethylsilylD
34、PA(DIPA) diisopropylamineDPA diphenylacetylDPB 1-dodecylpyridinium bromideDPBP 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenylDPC 1-dodecylpyridinium chlorideDPDC diisopropyl peroxydicarbonateDPDM diphenyl diazomethaneDPEDA 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethaneDPG dipropylene glycolDPIBF diphenylisobenzofuranDPIPS diph
35、enylisopropylsilyldpm dipivaloylmethanatoDPN diphosphopyridine nucleotide(=NAD)DPNase diphosphopyridine nucleotidaseDPNO diphenyl nitroxideDpp diphenylphosphinylDPPA diphenoxyphosphinyl azideDPPB 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butaneDppe 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylDPPE 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethaneDPPF
36、 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferroceneDPPH 2,2-di(4-t-octylpheny)-1-picrylhydrazylDppm (diphenyl-4-pyridyl)methylDPPM 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methaneDPPP 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propaneDPS t-butyldiphenylsilylDPSE 2-(methyldiphenylsilyl)ethylDPT diphosphothiamineDpt diphenylphosphinothioylDPTBS di
37、phenyl-t-butylsilylDPTC O,O-di(2-pyridyl)thiocarbonatedr diastereomeric ratioDTBAD(DBAD) di-tert-buthyl azodicarboxylateDTBB 4,4-di-tert-butylbiphenylDTBMP 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridineDTBMS di-t-butylmethylsilylDTBP di-t-butyl peroxideDTBP 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridineDTBS di-t-butylsilyleneDTE 1,
38、4-dithioerythritolDts dithiasuccinimidylDTT dithiothreitolDuPHOS substituted 1,2-bis(phospholano)benzeneDVB divinylbenzeneDVS 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxaneE glutamic acidE entgegene electronE+ electrophileE1 unimolecular eliminationE1cb unimolecular elimination via carbanionE2 bimolecula
39、r elminationEA ethanolamineED effective dosageEDA electron donor-acceptorEDA ethyl diazoacetateEDB ethylene dibromideEDC (EDCI) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochlorideEDCP 2,3-bisphosphonopentanedioic acidEDDA ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acidEDG electron-donating groupEDNA ethyl
40、enedinitramineEDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acidEE 1-ethoxyethylee (e.e.) enantiomeric excessEG ethylene glycolEI electro ionization (electron impact ionization)Ei intramolecular syn eliminationEL electroluminescenceEl electrophileEM effective molarityEMA ethyl methacrylateen ethylenediamineENDOR
41、 electron-nuclear double resonanceEOM ethoxymethylEPN O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioateEPR electron paramagnetic resonanceequiv equivalentESCA electron spectroscopy for chemical analysisESI electrospray ionizationesp ,-tetramethyl-1,3-benzenedipropionateESR electron spin resonanceEt eth
42、ylET electron transferETSA ethyl trimethylsilylacetatee.u. entropy unit (cal K-1 mol-1)EVE ethyl vinyl etherEWG electron-withdrawing groupEXAFS extended X-ray absorption fine structureEXSY exchange spectroscopyF phenylalanineFAB fast atom bombardmentfac facialFAD flavin adenine dinucleotideFc ferroc
43、enylFcm ferrocenylmethylFD field desorptionFDNB 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzeneFDP fructose-1,6-diphosphateFDPP pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinateFI fluorenylFIA flourescent indicator adsorptionFIA flow injection analysisFM frequency modulationFm 9-fluorenylmethylFMN flavin mononucleotideFMO frontier
44、 molecular orbitalFmoc 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylfod 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionefp flash pointFPP farnesyl pyrophosphateFRET fluorescence resonance energy transferFru fructoseFSM functionalized mesoporous silicaFT Fourier transformFTT 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium tri
45、flateFVP flash vacuum pyrolysisFWHM full width at half maximumG guanosineG glycineGABA -aminobutyric acidGal galactoseGC gas chromatographyGDP guanosine 5-diphosphateGEBC gel entrapped base catalystgem geminalGFPP geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphateGHA N,N-ethanediylidenebis(2-hydroxyaniline)Glc glucoseGL
46、C gas-liquid chromatographyGln glutamineGlu glutamic acidGly glycineGM Geiger-MllerGMP guanosine 5-monophosphateGPC gel permeation chromatographyGPS geranyl pyrophosphateGSC gas-solid chromatographyGSH gluthathionereduced formGSSG gluthathioneoxidized formGTO Gaussian-type oybitalGTP guanosine 5-triphosphateGua guanineGUM guaiacolmethylGuo guanosineH histidineh hoursHABA 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acidHacac acetylacetoneHATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-