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1、1 第一章名词 （Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“ 一个 ” 时用单数， “ 两个以上 ” 时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“ 数词+单位+of+物质名词 ” 的形式，如 a piece of bread ( 一片面包 )，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread( 两片面包 )。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音shop - shops ( 商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags ( 书包)
2、在浊辅音后读 z window - windows ( 窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es 。class - classes ( 班级) 词尾读音 iz box - boxes (盒子) match - matches ( 比赛) brush - brushes ( 刷子) 3. 以“ 辅音字母+y” 结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 es. story - stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“ 元音字母+y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys 5.以 “o” 结尾的名词，
3、复数一般在词尾加 “s”, 但个别加“es”tomato - tomatoes ( 西红柿 ) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes ( 土豆 ) zoo - zoos (动物园 ) photo - photos (照片) *（以 “o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿 (tomato)，右手拿着破土豆 (potato)，头顶一个大芒果（ mango ） 。6. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 ves. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4、名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 leaf - leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *（以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，需把f 或 fe 变 ves的单词）口诀：妻子（ wife）持刀（ knife）去宰狼（ wolf） ，小偷（ thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半 (half)片树叶（ leaf）遮目光。*（以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿 (giraffe)站在屋檐 (roof)下，左手拿着手绢 (handkerchief
5、)，右手拿着高尔夫球 (golf)。例： roof - roofs ( 屋顶) 7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齿) child - children (儿童) mouse - mice(老鼠) foot - feet (脚) woman - women (女人) 8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep ( 绵羊) deer - deer （鹿）English - English（英国人）Chinese - Chinese （中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人 a变 e； 鹅，足，牙齿 oo变 ee ；其实老鼠也好记
6、 ous变 ic； 孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如 : This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如：the childrens palace 少年宫men s room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，
7、s 前面加一撇 ，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 11.wife _ 12.potato _ 13.play _
8、 14.day _ 15.glass _ 16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _ 19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _ 24. deer _ 25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _ 28. English _ 29.mouse _ 30. man _ 二、汉译英1Tom 的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车 _ 3学生们的课桌_ 4.哥哥的文具盒 _ 5姑姑的卡片_ 6.猴子们的香蕉 _ 7蚂蚁们的早餐_ 8.妈妈的包 _ 9姐姐的连衣裙 _ 10 女孩们的苹果 _ 三、把下
9、列句子翻译成英文1这些 是 Peter 的篮球吗？_ 2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_ 3有一些书在 Sam的课桌上。 _ 4有一些孩子们在教室里。_ 四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _ 2.This is Alice dress. _ 3.I like tomato very much. _ 五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown. _ 2. There is a book and a pen on the table. _ 3.That woman is a teacher. _ 能
10、力测试卷（名词）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief 4.day boy monkey baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero
11、 6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. _
12、are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. John s B. John 5. Can you give me _? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are _ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white. _ 2. There is a desk and a chair
13、in the room. _ 3.That man is a doctor. _ 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 第二章代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示 “ 你、我、他、你们、我们、他们 ” 等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称I me 第二人称you you 第三人称he she it him her it 复数第一人称We us 第二人称you you 第三人称they th
14、em 主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus. 她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。 This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1）单数代词： you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I 2）复数代词： we and they ; we and you ; you and t
15、hey; we, you and they 3）第三人称单数代词： he and she *人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情 “ 我” 站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性my our your your his,her,its their 名词性mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载
16、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣 ?It s hers. 是她的。hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀：译成汉语都有“ 的” ，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾 “s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又
17、独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫 “ 自身代词 ” ，表示 “* 自己” 。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself, herself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f 四、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本书。These are some books.
18、 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车 . 代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mary is a friend of _. ( I ) 2.This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3.Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he ) 4.This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ). 5.These pens are _ ( we ). 二、 填写下列表格。人称代词
19、我我们你， 你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine. 1.That is her ruler. _ 2.These are their footballs. _ 3.This is my backpack . _ 4.Those are your boxes.
20、_ 四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _ 2.These are ours books._ 3. That are their teacher. _ 4.The house is my brother. _ 5. He has visited many country. _ 6. They are Chineses. _ 7. This is Tom red bike. _ 能力测试卷（代词）一、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线
21、）I 她its 我们her 他（她，它）们we 我they 你的their 他（她，它）们your 她的she 它的二、填空1Shes a teacher . This is _ bag.2. He s a driver. This is _ taxi.3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 4. -Whats _ name? - My name i
22、s Tony. 5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、选择( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she ( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _.A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her( ) 3. He is a friend of _. A. our B. us C. my D. mine 四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. _ 2. This is mine teddy
23、 bear. _ 3. These are ours bags. _ 4. These is their teachers. _ 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 9 第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1最基本的基数词如下表所示：110 1119 20100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty
24、3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“ -” 。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 nine
25、ty nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成。例，four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one - first two - second three - t
26、hird five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成 i，然后在加 eth.例，twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 4）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 -
27、 - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 10 thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d； （first，second ，third）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth，ninth） ；ve 要用 f 替； （fifth ，twelfth）整十基数变序数， ty 将 y 变成 i ; th 前面有个 e；要
28、是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a或 an是不定冠词， the 是定冠词。 a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词（ a,an ）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“ 一个” ，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. That s an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.
29、3. 不用冠词的情况：1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。2）名词前已经有 this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse ( 那只老鼠 ) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家go to school 去上学*定冠词 the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the 加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头
30、衔职务前；名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 11 三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/ ”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ o
31、range 10) _melon 11) _ eraser 二、选择填空1.There is _ “m ” in the word “primary ”A. an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is _ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/ 3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world . A.an , the B.
32、a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9
33、.Do you see _ book on _ table ? A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名
34、师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 12 A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.t
35、he D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser . A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空 : 1._ , _ and _ are all good friends . A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ . A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , the
36、irs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ? A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music . A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she
37、 , I D.I , you , she 能力测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand 10. one 二、选择正确答案1.There are days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three
38、hundred and sixty five 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 13 2.There are students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My b
39、rother is in . A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing . A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 5.There are months in a year. Dece
40、mber is the month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was to get to school and I was . A. fi
41、rst; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth 9.What s the date today? It s . A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th10.Monday is the second day, and . A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday 名师资料总结
42、- - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 14 第四章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时， 动词的词尾要加 -s 或- es。现在以连系动词 be 和行为动词 read 为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句be I am I am no
43、t You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is . He/She/It is not read I/We/You/They readI/We/You/They/ do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）be Am I ?Yes , you are. No, you are not. Are you ?Yes, I am/we are. No, I am/we are not. Are we ?Yes, we/you are. No, w
44、e/ you are not. Are they ?Yes, they are. No, they are not. Is he ?Yes, he is. No, he is not. Is she ?Yes, she is. No, she is not. Is it ?Yes, it is. No, it is not. read Do I / we / they read ?Yes, you / we / they do. No, you / we / they do not. Does he / she / it read ?Yes, he / she / it does. No, h
45、e / she / it does not. 连系动词 be 的各种形式常与代词或not 缩写成一个词。 助动词 do，does 一般只有与 not 缩写。连系动词 be缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写I am I mI am not I m notYou are YoureYou are not Youre not /You arentHe is HesHe is not Hes not /He isnt名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 36 页 - - -
46、 - - - - - - 15 She is ShesShe is not Shes not /She isntIt is It sIt is not It s not / It isntWe are We reWe are not We re not / We arentThey are TheyreThey are not Theyre not / They arent动词 do not 的缩写形式为 dont，does not 的缩写形式为 doesnt。二、动词加 -s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es 1一般在词尾加 s 例：workw
47、orks leave - leaves swim - swims 2以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的词加 -es 例：pass- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does 3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加-es 例：study - studies carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries 三、一般现在时的用法1表示经常或习惯性的动作。 常与 often（经常）, always （总是）, sometimes （有时）, every day（每天） , on Sundays/Monda
48、ys 等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year, ) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周（月，年）一次例句： I get up at 6 oclock every day.He often goes to school by bike. 2表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句： Two and two are four. 二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun. 地
49、球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式post eat stop jump go like visit pass rise read ride have give write swim study watch fly teach do 二、单项选择名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 36 页 - - - - - - - - - 16 ( )1._ you have a book ? A Do B. Are C. Is D. Ha
50、ve ( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? _. A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesnt.C. Yes, hed like. D. No, he likes.( )3.She doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )4.How _ Mr. Smith _ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes ( )5. _ she _ home at six e