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1、1 英语复习小结一、 名词： 有可数名词和不可数名词。1、可数名词有单数、复数之分，名词复数形式的构成规则：(1) 一般在名词词尾加“s”如： teacherteachersegg-eggs (2) 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词加es如 class-classes box- boxes bus -buses watch-watches (3) 以辅音字母 +y 的名词变 y 为 i 再加 es如： story-storieslibrary-librar ies, dictionary-dictionar ieshobby-hobb ies(4) 以 f, fe 结尾的名词，变f,
2、fe 为 v 加 es如： life -li vesleaf -leaveshalf-hal ves knife-kni veswolf-wol veswife-wi ves (5) 以 o 结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加eshero-heroes mango- mangoes potato- potatoestomato- tomato es 其 余 加s（ 目 前 所 学 的 词 ）zoo-zoos kilo-kilos radioradios photo- photos piano- pianos (6)不规则名词单复数形式如：child children woman - women
3、 man -men foot-feet tooth-teeth 有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese ，Chinese，sheep, 如： I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 2、不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词有：(1)milk, water, juice, tea, ice; (2) food, rice, meat, fish, chicken, bread, cheese (3) paper, newspaper , hair, time, money, homework, housework 不可数名词的数量常表示如下two bottl
4、es of milk a cup of juice half a kilo of cheese a bag of rice three kilos of meat some water 二、人称代词人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。主格Iwe youhesheit they 宾格meusyouhimheritthem我我们你,你们他她它他们We are going to have a picnic. Let us go. I miss everyone in China. Who can help me? What is he doing? He is tr
5、ying to get on the bus. Look at him. She can t hear. This dog helps her. Tell me more about the Great Wall. 三物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 形容词
6、性物主代词my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词mine ours yours his hers its theirs 我的我们的你的 ，你 们的他的她的它的他 们的This is my book. = This book is mine. This is his bag. = This bag is his. Your watch is old, but hers is new. Thanksgiving is my favourite festival. We say “ Thank you” for our food, family and frien
7、ds. 四、 疑问词who 谁what 什么when 什么时候what time 几点where 哪 里why 为 什 么how 怎 样how much 多少how many 多 少how old 多 大whose 谁的what colour 什么颜色how long 多长1.对人物提问用who Who gave it to you? Simon s family gave it to me. Who can help me? I can help you. 2.对事物或做某事提问用what What do you want? I want a hot dog. What are you do
8、ing? I am reading a book. What are you going to study? I m going to study English. What are you going to do? We re going to walk around the lake. What s it about? It s about animals. 3.对时间提问用when When are you going to eat? We re going to eat at half past twelve. When was he born? He was born in 1809
9、. 4.对点钟提问用what time What time is it? It s twelve. What time do you get up? I get up at six o clock. 5.对地点提问用where Where was he born? He was born in France. Where are you? I am on the train. Where s your mum? She s at the supermarket. 6.对原因提问用why Why are you wearing a raincoat? Because it s going to
10、rain. 7.对身体状况或方式提问用how How are you? I m fine. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 How are you going to go to school? I m going to go to school by bus. 8.对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用how much How much is it? It s thirteen dollars and twenty
11、-five cents. How much milk do you want? I want two bottles of milk. 9.对可数名词的数量提问用how many How many books are there on the desk? There are three books on the desk. 10.对年龄提问用how old How old are you? I m twelve. 11.对“某人的”提问用whose Whose cap is this? It s Amy s cap. Whose pen is that? It s his pen. 12.对颜
12、色提问用what colour What colour is it? It s black. 13.对星期提问用what day What day is it today? It s Monday. 14.How long is it? It s about six thousand seven hundred kilometers. 特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序？例： How do you go to school? 疑问词（做主语）+ 谓语动词+ ? 例： Who gave it to you? 五时态1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连
13、用。如yesterday（昨天）, last week （上周）, last month （上个月） , last year（去年） , two months ago（两个月前）等。构成： (1)肯定句：主语 +动词过去式 + He made a video. 否定句：主语 +didnt + 动词原形 + He didn t make a video. 一般疑问句： Did +主语 +动词原形 + .? Did he make a video? (2) be 动词用was, were . 否定句在was, were 后加 not. 一般疑问句把was, were提前到句首。She was bo
14、rn in America. She was not born in America. Was she born in America? 2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作构成：主语 +am /is / are+ 现在分词 +The birds are singing in the trees. 否定句在 am /is / are 后加 not. The birds are not singing in the trees. 一般疑问句把am /is / are 提前到句首。Are the birds singing in the trees? 3.一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或
15、存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow (明天 ), next week（下周） , next year（明年）等。构成： (1) 主语 + will + 动词原形 +He will pick up the apples. 否定句在 will 后加 not. He will not pick up the apples. 一般疑问句把will 提前到句首。Will he pick up the apples? (2) 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 +We are going to study French. 否定句在 am /is / are 后加 not.
16、 We are not going to study French. 一般疑问句把am /is / are提前到句名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 首。Are you going to study French? 4. 一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。构成： （1）主语 +am /is / are+否定句在 am /is / are后加 not. 一般疑问句把 am /is / are 提前到
17、句首。Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you and me. (2) 肯定句：主语 +动词原形 + The ducks like it. 否定句：主语 +dont +动词原形 + The ducks don t like it. 一 般 疑 问 句 ： Do +主 语 +动 词 原 形+ .? Do the ducks like it? (3) 肯定句：主语 (三单 )+动词第三人称单数形式 + He likes noodles. 否定句：主语 +doesnt +动词原形 + He doesn t like noodles. 一
18、 般 疑 问 句 ： Does + 主 语 +动 词原形+ .? Does he like noodles 六动词过去式形式规则动词的过去式构成1.一般在动词词尾加ed 如： work - worked play-played watch- watched 2.以 e 结尾动词在词尾加d 如： live - lived 3.以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词， 把 y 变为 i 再加ed 如： study -studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed，如： stop -stopped drop- dropped 5、不
19、规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式go went come came become became bring brought say said put put teach taught can could read read give gave am/is was are were do did fly flew have had make made run ran see saw ride rode win won get got tell told eat ate send sent take took buy bought sit sat m
20、eet met write wrote draw drew swim swam fly flew rink drank give gave ring rang fall fell 七动词 ing 形式也是现在分词形式现在分词的构成规则1. 一般在动词词尾直接加“ing ”sleep-sleeping look-looking wear-wearing send-sending eat-eating sing-singing go-going jump-jumping 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理
21、- - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 play-playing 2. 以不发音的e 结尾的动词要去掉e 再加上“ing ”write-writing come-coming ride-riding have-having make-making shine-shining take-taking close- closing 3. 有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing ”get-getting put-putting sit-sitting run-running swim-swimming skip-skipping shop-shop
22、ping 八动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数的构成规则1大多数动词在词尾加“S”. stopstops makemakes readreads playplays say seisays sez 2以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为 “i ”，然后在加 “es”fly flies carrycarries studystudies worry worries 3以 “s, x, sh ，ch, o ” 结尾，在词尾加 “es”. teachteaches watchwatches go goes do- does 九、情态动词can 过去式 could 后加动词原形I can wr
23、ite English. I can carrythis bag. I can helpyou. We can always be friends. Later she could read and write. 否定句在 can, could 后加 not can not = can t could not = couldn t We can t go now. I can t write Chinese. I can t carryeverything. His friends can t hear him. She couldn t see and she couldn t hear.
24、一般疑问句把can, could 提前到句首。Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can t. Can you speak English? Can I write to your friends? Can you be my Chinese pen friend? Yes, of course. 十反义词big- small long- short new- old tall- short young- old heavy- light easy- hard/ difficult up- down early-late fat- thin white- bla
25、ck cry- laugh different - same inside-outside hot-cold happy-sad good-bad clean-dirty bring-take this-that these-those always-never woman-man 十一、同音词for- four son- sun hour- our too- two right- write eye - I aren t- aunt sent-cent where- wear their- there by- buy see-sea 十二 .、近义词名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载
26、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 good- well study - learn 十三、缩写形式与完全形式I am = I m he is = he s she is = she s it is = it s that is = that s what is = what s let us = let s we are = we re they are = they re you are= you re can not= can t could n
27、ot = couldn t should not = shouldn t will not = won t I ll = I will we ll = we will do not = don t does not = doesn t did not = didn t it has got = it s got I have got = I ve got have not = haven t has not = hasn t are not = aren t is not = isn t 十四、小学英语分类单词和词组天气：rain 下雨snow 下雪rainy 有雨的snowy 有雪的hot
28、炎热的cold 寒冷的warm 温暖的cool 凉爽的windy 有风的sunny 晴朗的食物：hamburger 汉堡hot dog 热狗sandwich 三明治chip 薯条chicken 鸡肉fish 鱼肉meat 肉noodles 面条rice 大米soup 汤cake 蛋 糕bread 面 包cheese奶酪vegetable 蔬 菜fruit水 果sausage 香 肠biscuit 饼干sweets糖果ice cream 冰激凌peanut花生饮料：milk牛 奶tea 茶orange juice 橙 汁coffee 咖啡cola 可乐water 水juice 果汁颜色：red
29、红色的green 绿色的yellow黄色的black黑色的white 白色的orange 橙色的blue 蓝色的purple 紫色的pink 粉红色的星期：Monday 星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期日月份：January 一月February 二月March 三月April四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August八月September 九月October 十月November十一月December 十二月季节：spring 春天summer 夏天autumn 秋天wint
30、er冬天数字：one 一two 二three 三four 四five 五six 六seven七eight八nine 九ten 十eleven 十 一twelve 十二thirteen 十三fourteen 十四fifteen十五sixteen 十六seventeen 十七eighteen 十八nineteen 十九twenty 二十thirty 三十forty 四十fifty 五十sixty 六十seventy七十eighty 八十ninety 九十one hundred 一百one thousand 一千one million 一百万名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -
31、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 衣服：T-shirt T 恤衫dress裙子sweater 毛衣trousers裤子skirt 短裙sock 袜子shoe鞋coat 外套，上衣动物：cat 猫dog 狗monkey 猴panda 熊猫elephant 大象tiger 老虎lion 狮子pig 猪chameleon 变色龙snake 蛇mouse老 鼠bear熊kangaroo 袋鼠frog 青蛙parrot 鹦鹉bird 鸟owl 猫头鹰camel 骆驼家庭成员：
32、grandmother奶奶grandfather爷爷grandparents 祖父母mother 妈 妈father 爸 爸parents 父母亲brother 兄弟sister 姐妹uncle 叔，伯，舅aunt 阿姨cousin 表兄弟学科：Chinese 语文English 英语Math 数学PE 体育Art 艺术Science科学Physics物理Chemistry 化学History 历史Geography 地理节日：Flag Day国 旗 日Thanksgiving Day感 恩 节Halloween万 圣 节Easter Festival复 活 节Christmas圣诞节Spri
33、ng Festival 春节Lantern Festival 元宵节Dragon Boat Festival 端午节Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节名胜景点：Big Ben 大本钟the River Thames泰晤士河Hyde Park 海德公园Tower Bridge塔桥the London Bridge 伦敦桥the British Museum 大 英 博 物 馆the London Eye 伦敦眼the Great Wall 长城the Summer Palace 颐和园the Changjiang River 长江the West Lake 西湖the Huangsha
34、n Mountain 黄山The Ming Tombs 明十三陵Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰球类 ：play football 踢足球play basketball 打篮球play baseball 打棒球play table tennis 打乒乓球play volleyball 打排球棋类：play chess下象棋乐器：play the guitar 弹吉他play the drums 敲鼓play the zither 弹吉他play the piano 弹钢琴play the flute 吹笛子play the trumpet 吹小号体育运动：have a Sports
35、 Day 举 行 运 动 会do morning exercises做早操do Taijiquan 打太极拳do the high jump 跳远do the long jump 跳高run the 100 meters跑一百米run fast 跑得快jump high 跳高jump long 跳远swim 游泳go swimming 去游泳skip 跳绳control the ball控制球catch the ball 接球row a boat 划船生日 ：Happy Birthday! 生日快乐make a birthday card制作生日卡片have a birthday party
36、举办生日派对have a great birthday 过愉快的生日交通工具：by bus 乘公共汽车by car 乘小汽车by bike 骑自行车by plane 乘飞机by ship 乘轮船by train 坐名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 火车on foot 步行词组：fly kites 或者 fly a kite 放风筝go to see films 去看电影watch TV 看电视play com
37、puter games玩电脑游戏have a picnic 吃野餐go to school 去上学go home 回家go to the park 去公园go to middle school 去上中学go to bed 去 睡 觉go there 去 那 里go shopping 去购物go to the doctor 去看病say goodnight 道晚安fly away 飘走make a video 制作录像make mistakes 犯错误write a letter 写信write a book 写书take pictures=take photos 照相listen to mus
38、ic 听音乐read a book读书read stories读故事do homework 做作业make a cake做蛋糕make dumplings 做饺子wash clothes 洗衣服make an e-card 制作电子卡片ride a horse 骑马climb mountains 爬山 climb trees 爬树have a lovely time玩的开心ask questions 问问题make a list 列清单shopping list 购物单collect stamps收集邮票sing songs 唱歌turn left 向左转clean the classroom
39、打扫教室eat fast food 吃快餐turn right向 右 转go straight on直 走have a cold 感冒have a headache 头疼have breakfast 吃早餐have lunch 吃午餐have supper吃晚餐= have dinner have a baseball team 组建棒球队come on 加油come in 进来come from 来自 = be from come back 回来click on 点击go up the hill 上山go down the hill 下山play with dolls 玩洋娃娃find ou
40、t 查找be good at 擅长bring back 归还out of 往外of course当然可以in English 用英语all over the world=all around the world 全世界stand up 起立sit down 坐下at the weekend在周末notat all 一点也不get up 起床get on 上车get off 下车in a hurry 匆忙next to 挨着turn on the light 打开灯point to 指向talk about 谈论talk to sb 和某人谈话give out 分发write to sb 给某人
41、写信say hello to sb 向某人打招呼缩写：the PRC=the People s Republic of China 中华人民共和国the USA=the United States of America 美国the UN=the United Nations 联合国the UK=the United Kingdom 英国现在进行时和动词的现在分词现在进行时动词的现在进行时由be 的现在时形式“am/is/are+现在分词”构成，主要用于以下几方面。（1）用来表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。例如： What are you doing? We are playing basketb
42、all. 你们在干什么？我们在打篮球。（2）有时用来表示现阶段正在进行，而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。例如： Are they working hard this term? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 9 这学期他们在努力学习吗？ We are picking apples on a farm these days. 这些天我们正在农场摘苹果。（3）表示即将发生的动作（如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作）
43、 。 Come, go, leave, start, arrive等动词常与将来时间的状语连用表示这种意义。例如： They are going to Shanghai this Friday.他们这个星期要去上海。Tom is coming here next week.汤姆下周要来这儿。（4）说明 : 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：see、like 、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式及特殊疑问句1) 现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . They are writing
44、 . 2) 现在进行时的否定形式: 主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They arent writing .3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+ 其他成分Are you singing ? Yes ,I am. / No ,I m not. Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they arent .4) 特殊疑问句及回答: 特殊疑问词 +be(am/ is/are)+主语 +doing+ 其他成分What are you doing? We
45、 are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答). 缩写形式如下 : I am-Im You are-You re He is-He s She is-ShesIt is-It s We are- We re They are-Theyre动词的 ing 形式的构成（1）一般在动词原形末尾加ing 。例如：workworking, studystudying. （2）以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加 ing 。例如 :have having, live living. （3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如结尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写出这一字母，再加ing 。例如： runrun
46、ning, stopstopping, forgetforgetting, beginbeginning. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 10 练习题一、写出下列动词的现在分词。walk jump watch send sing ride write have make take dance drive come shine see run swim sit shop get skip put go play
47、 stop 二、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1. _you_(fly) a kite now? Yes,_. 2. The boy (draw) a picture now. 3. Listen! The children (read) books in the classroom. 4. We_(play) football now. 5. What_ you_(do) now? 6. Listen! The girl_(sing) an English song. 7. Look! They (dance) in the music room. 8. Its 6 o clock now.
48、We dinner now. 9. Look! These boys _ (play) tennis on the playground. 10. My mother is _ (cook) in the kitchen. 11.Now she (shop) at the supermarket. 12.In this photo, Amy (clean)the room. 13.They (not swim) now. 14. “ Mary (wash) clothes?”“Yes, she is.”15. Look at your grandpa. He (water) flowers.
49、16. She (play) now. 17. We (sit) on the beach now. 18. Don t come in! I(take) a bath. 19.The cat （run ）in the garden now. 20. Look! The bird (fly) in the sky. 三、选择1. Look ！ Lucy is_ _ a new bike today. A. jumping B. running C. riding D taking 2. The children _ football. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -
50、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 11 A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a 3. They _TV in the evening. They do their homework. A. are watching B. can t watchingC. don t watch D. don t watching4. Listen! She_ in the classroom. A. is singing