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1、学位英语语法高频考点小结（2）虚拟语气 如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I
2、would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。）3、If Bob_ with us,
3、he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题）二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have reali
4、zed thatD. As I realized（答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。1996年39题）2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（1997年30题）三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，withou
5、t，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. dont achieve（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题）2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had（答案：B。2003年28题）四
6、、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句（主语过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study（答案：C）（2000年53题）2、I didnt go to the p
7、arty, but I do wish I _ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be（答案：C）（2001年53题）五、would rather句子（过去时）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. ratherB. betterC. happierD. further（答为案：A）（1998年45题）2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. wou
8、ld comeC. cameD. have come（答案为C）（2002年46题）六、以as if，as though引导的从句在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known（答案：B。as if（though）从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。）2
9、、You are talking as if you had seen them你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作）七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. hadB. would h
10、aveC. haveD. was going to have（答案：C）（1998年28题）2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on（答案：A）（1999年58题）八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A.
11、 comesB. will comeC. comeD. may come（答案：C）（1997年29题）2、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged（答案：C）（2003年45题）九、It is time (that)引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A. doB. will doC. didD. must do（答案：C）（1996年43题）2、Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up（答案：B）