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1、 a.四类实词的尾缀标志 . 名词后缀 -or/er/ess:做某件事情或职业的人或物:Worker,debtor,actress -acy:性质,状态,境遇:Democracy,accuracy,diplomacy -ance,-ence:性质,状态,行为,过程,总量,程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience -ancy,-ency :性质,状态,行为,过程, frequency, urgency, efficiency -bility, 表示动作,性质,状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility -
2、dom, 表示等级,领域,状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示资格,身份, 年纪,状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程,结果,状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ment, 表示“行为,状
3、态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 11)-ness, 表示性质,状态,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 12)-ship, 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 13)-th, 表示动作,性质,过程,状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 14)-tude, 表示性质,状态,程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) 15)-
4、ure, 表示行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 16)-graphy, 表示学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) II. 形容词后缀1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义-abl
5、e, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish:foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active:sensitive, productive 4)-like:manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly:manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some:troublesome, handsome 7)-ful:beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous:dangerous, generous, co
6、urageous, various 9)-ent:violent 10)-most:foremost, topmost (11)less, 表示否定:countless, stainless, wireless III. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,化” modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
7、4)-ish, 表示使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate IV. 副词后缀 形容词-ly:badbadly坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地 -wise:clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 -wards:outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地 特殊副词:Yet, already. Just Tips:不认识的单词根据词缀来判断词性(附四级常用词缀) 不确定的单词注意多种可能性