《DirectandIndirectSpeech.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DirectandIndirectSpeech.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech（直接引语与间接引语）Direct and Indirect Speech I句式情况1. 转述他人的陈述陈述句He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 She said , “What are you doing?” She a
2、sked me what I was doing.直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1. 陈述句:用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that 1)He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 2)He said, “Ill give you an examinat
3、ion next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 3)“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friendsSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2. 一般疑问句: 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 1)He said, “Do you have any difficu
4、lty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 2)He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 3)Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked him if it was easy to impr
5、ove the condition of the soil.3. 特殊疑问句: 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。 1)He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. 2)He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 3)When d
6、o you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked him when he harvested the wheat.4. 选择疑问句: 用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 1)He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. 2)I asked, “Will you take a bus or take a train?” I asked him whether he would
7、 take bus or take train. 5. 直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1)注意时态的变化2)注意人称变化。3)注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化5)注意地点的变化6)注意个别趋向动词的变化(When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.)di
8、rect indirect present pastpast past and past perfectpresent perfect past perfect past perfect past perfect6. 谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1)直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in
9、 the west.2)如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前与说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game.3)主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.4)从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:(1)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候
10、(2)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 (3)当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 (4)当引语是谚语、格言时(5)当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时 直接引语 间接引语指示代词 this, thesethat, those时间状语now todaythis weekyesterday last week four days ago the day before yesterdaytomorrownex
11、t monththen that daythat weekthe day before the week beforefour days before two days beforethe next daythe next month地点状语herethere方向性动词come, bringgo, take直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）mustmust/had toExercises:I按要求改变句子1
12、. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.”He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”Tom said that he would see me the next week.4. “Why were you la
13、te again?” The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.My
14、classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.II. 单项选择1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktodayC. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _through the street _.A.
15、 we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr. Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat weekC. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I sh
16、all take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _take it back_. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if wer
17、e we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _
18、 break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you
19、left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did riseKeys: DCBDD
20、BCAAB高考链接1.Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along。2. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of
21、 seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/ could/have done。3. Father went to his doctor f
22、or _ about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices解析：答案B。advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。4. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为情态动词与实义动词的基本用法。作为实义动词，dare有人称、数与时态的变化，故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为dare not do(情态动词)或dont/doesnt/didnt dare (实义动词) to do。 第 11 页