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1、(二)语法讲解定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省
2、去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which sta
3、nds near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the
4、teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 4whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees） 注意:(1)当定语
5、从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
6、(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the
7、 one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few no等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the perso
8、ns and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 b. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom cam
9、e back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或 why等。分别作状语，意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。Awhen 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which) He came at a time when we needed him most. 他是在我们最需要他的时候
10、来的。(when= at which) We will never forget the year 1949, when th Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when= in which)Bwhere 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 I recently went back to the town where I was born. 我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where = in which) I would like to live in a country where ther
11、e is plenty of sunshine. 我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where = in which) Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday 你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)Cwhy 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)随堂练习：（切记规律！）I. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
12、 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 6. Is there a
13、nything _you dont know?.7 I want to read all the books _were written by Lu Xun ,8.This is the second book _I borrowed from the library.9.He is the only person _I know here.10.Were talking about the people and the school _we have visited in the country.11.Who is the girl _ is wearing a red coat?12.Lo
14、ok at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two _ you bought me for my birthday 单项填空( )1.Thisistheveryhouse_wearelookingfor. A.that B.where C.which D.whose( )2.Ivereturnedallthebooks_Iborrowedfromthelibrary. A.which B.them C.what D.that( )3.Thereisntmuch_Icantellyou.A.what B.which C.that D.whe
15、re( )4.Shekeptarecordofeverything_happenedduringthemeeting.A.when B.that C.which D.what( )5.Pleasetellusaboutthepersonsandtheplaces_youvisitedinShanghai.A.that B.who C.which D.whom( )6.Californiawasthefirststate_IhadvisitedintheUS.A.where B.that C.which D.what( )7. -Do you know the man _is talking w
16、ith your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom ( )8. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one ( )9. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it ( )10. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bo
17、ught B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it ( ) 11. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree ( )12. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who ( )13. The man _coat is black is waiting
18、at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. ( )14. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was ( ) 15. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who ( )16. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live
19、B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 定语从句强化练习（一）11.There is no difficulty cant be overcome in the world. A.that B.which C.who D.what 12.Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom 13.This was the supermarket I bought this kind of t
20、in. A.where B.that C.who D.which 14.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A.that B.where C.what D.when 15.This is the last time I shall come here to help you. A.that B.which C.when D.what 16.The house we live is not big. A.in that B.which C.in which D.that 17.My neighburs used t
21、o give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them. A.who B.that C.which D.whom 18.All glitters is not gold. A.that B.which C. D.what 19.Beijing, is the capital of China,is a beautiful city.A.that B.it C.which D. 20.Thats the hotel last year. A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we
22、stayed at D.where we stayed 21.Anyone this opinion may speak out. A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 22.The place you are standing used to be an old church. A.which B.where C.that D.when 首字母填空Man has a big brain. He can think and s _ languages. Scientists once thought
23、that man isnt the same as animals b _man can think and learn. They know now that dogs, monkeys and birds can learn, too. They are beginning to u _that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cant speak. They make much n _when they are afraid, or unhappy. Apes(猿) can learn some
24、 things more quickly than man. One or two of them have learned a few words. But they cannot join words to make s _ . They cannot think l _us because they have no language. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been a _to build a modern world because he has language. Every child can speak his own la
25、nguage very w _ when he is four or five, b_no animals learn to speak. How do children learn it? Scientists dont really know w _happens inside our body when we speak. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain.阅读理解The two boys，each 17 years old，were on a small boat trip(旅行)They had left
26、 Minneapolis weeks beforeNow they had gone as far as Norway House，on Lake Winnipeg(See the map)They wanted to get to York FactoryBut it was 450 miles away! And there was only one village between Norway House and it That night，the boys could hardly sleepOver andover, each asked himself，“What can I sa
27、y to my family if we turn back? But isnt it foolish for us togo alone into such a place? What if we get lost? Should we turn back or not? The next morning，the boys talked with two policemen “We dont like to see you boys start out on this trip，”said one of the men seriously “Its dangerous，said the ot
28、her“Why dont you boys go home now?” “Weve thought it over，said Eric“We cant stop half-way nowShall we go on，Walter?” “Yes,” Walter answeredMaybe it is a very hard trip，but lets go on! We started out to go to York FactoryLets not stop until we get there An old man was near the boysHe heard what they
29、had said“Good for you! he said to them“Im sure you can make it. Just think about the next mile you have to goDont think about the ones after that”.( )41. The two boys in the story _ Awere on their way home Bwere having a boat trip Chad lost their way. Dwanted to get to a village( )42. That night，Eri
30、c and Walter could hardly sleep because _ Athey were too tired Bthey felt cold and alone Cthey had got lost Dthey were thinking about what to do next( )43. How many persons were there in the story? A2 B3 C4 D5( )44. The underlined part “you can make it” here means _ Ayou wont fail Byou can decide wh
31、at to do now Cyou will reach the village Dyou can cover the next mile( )45. Look at the map and tell which of the following is RIGHT?A. It is about 1200 miles from Minneapolis to Norway House.B. The two boys traveled from the southwest to the northeast.C. Lake Winnipeg is about 450 miles away from Minneapolis.D. Norway House is on the west side of Lake Winnipeg.10 / 10