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1、阅读理解之主旨题专项训练一、主旨题类型：文章最佳标题(title/topic)概括文章中心大意(main idea)文章段落大意(topic)写作目的(purpose)二、常见题干：文章大意：Whafs the main idea of the text? / What does the author want to tell us?段落大意：Whats Paragraph 1 mainly about?文章标题：Which of the following can be the best title of the text?写作目的：Whats the purpose of the pass
2、age / What is the passage intended to do?三、技巧点拨：1 .正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。2 .正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。3 .那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案。4 .四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。5 .干扰项特点：A:概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。B:概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超 出或多于文章阐述的内容。C:无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。四、实战演练：1. (2020新课标 I , D)The connection between
3、 people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their
4、 workplaces were decorated with houseplants.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.2. 2019 全国卷 L DPopularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Pri
5、nstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. The
6、n there? s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.What is the second paragraph mainly about ?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonor
7、able behavior3. 2019 浙江卷，CThe number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above
8、Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California b
9、ig trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.4. 2019 江苏卷，BMost of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up. These can fo
10、rm remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogethe
11、r there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second les known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the
12、caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about ?A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. The activities of volcanoes.D. The heights of volcanoes.5. （2020.新课标HI） BThe creative
13、team behind “Apes” used motion-capture （动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）.In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.What
14、does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making Apes.”B. The creation of digitalized apes.C. The publicity about Apes.D. The performance of real apes.6.12018、全国卷n, DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused o
15、n their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph ?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.五、答案解析:1. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段
16、中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example .discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可矢口例如， 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中， 当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他
17、们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨 是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。2. A 主旨大意题。第二段 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的 人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable和the status seekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，
18、故选A。3. A主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度， 没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。4. A主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积 形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞, 故选Ao5. B 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind Apes used motion-capture （动作捕 捉）technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of do
19、llars on technology that I records an actor 5s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图 像）.”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技 术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是 关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。6. C主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在 银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉 默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所 不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。