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1、-人教版初中英语一般过去时结构与用法-第 10 页英语一般过去时结构与用法I. 一般过去时的用法一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。注意：也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。eg. We
2、used to get up early. 我以前总是早起。（意指现在不早起了）1.一般过去时的形式：动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。一般过去时动词的肯定、否定、一般疑问句和简略回答以及特殊疑问句的形式见列表：肯定、否定形式肯 定否 定动词beI was I was not You were You were not He/She/It was He/She/It was not Wewere W
3、ewere not YouYouTheyThey动词haveIhad Ihad not YouYouHe/She/ItHe/She/ItWeWeYouYouTheyThey行为动词(study)Istudied Idid not studyYouYouHe/She/ItHe/She/ItWeWeYouYouTheyThey行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式did，后面的谓语动词要还原为原形。注意：在非正式语如口语中，was not, were not, had not和did not 可以分别缩写成wasnt, werent, hadnt和didnt。一般疑问句和简略回答一
4、般疑问句简略回答动词beWere you ?Was he ?Were they ?Yes, I was.No, I was not.Yes, he was.动词beWere you ?Was he ?Were they ?Yes, I was.No, I was not.Yes, he was.No, he was not.Yes, they were.No, they were not.动词haveHad you ?Had he ?Had they ?Yes, I had.No, I had not.Yes, he had.No, he had not.Yes, they had.行为动词(
5、study)Did you study ?Did he study ?Did they study ?No, they had not.Yes, I did.No, I did not.Yes, he did.No, he did not.Yes, they did.No, they did not.特殊疑问句和简略回答特殊疑问句回答动词beWhere was she?She was at home.行为动词(study)When did you study English?I studied it last year.2.一般过去时的几种句型（这里只讲行为动词）肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去
6、式+其他。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其他。如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其他？如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.)特殊疑问句
7、的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其他？如：1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents.一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其他部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其他部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。小朋友们口诀记，学会一般
8、过去时没问题。. 行为动词的一般过去式变化规则行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (h
9、as)-had等。一般过去时练习一般过去时一、选择( ) 1. What _they_dinner yesterday ?A. do; have for B. did; had for C. did; have for D. were; have for( ) 2. Could you tell me what time the plane ?A. left B. leaves C. leaved D. was leaving( ) 3. One of us _band last month.A. leaves B. leave C. leaved D. left( ) 4. Where_yo
10、ur mother born?A. are B. was C. were D. is( ) 5. Do you know why he_for class last year?A. was always late B. always was late C. is late always D. is always late( ) 6. I got up_this morning, so I _breakfast and went to school.A. late; didnt have B. early; didnt have C. late; hadnt D. early; hadnt( )
11、 7. It _much cold today than it_yesterday.A. is; is B. was; was C. is; was D. was; is( ) 8. He didnt come_goodbye to us and away.A. say; go B. say; went C. to say; went D. to say ; go( ) 9. Her pen was broken. She_to _a new one.A. wants; buys B. wanted; bought C. wants; bought D. wanted; buy( ) 10.
12、I thought the dress_really pretty.A. is B. was C. / D. were( ) 11. I tired now, but it_an exciting day.A. am; was B. was; was C. was; is D. am; is( ) 12. He said he_go to cook dinner for us.A. will B. would C. / D. doesnt( )13. I stayed in the sitting room and_my friends all the time.A. talk to B. t
13、alked C. talk about D. talked to( )14. She also _her _in a 1990s style.A. weared; hair B. wore; hair C. wear; hair D. wears; hairs( )15. I went to see you last Saturday, there nobody in the room.A. but; was B. and; were C. and; was D. but; is二、用所给词的适当形式填空1He put the books away and_(go) home.2. The b
14、oy is running and_(tie) his shoes on the playground.3. My father_(buy) a new computer for_(I ) yesterday.4. He often_(go) to school by bike, but last year he often_(walk) to school.5. After she finished_(pack) everything, she_(go) to bed.6. - Who_(wash) the plates on the table ?- Jenny did.7. - When
15、_you_(see ) the film “ Titanic”?8. Its half past eleven now. Jim_(have) lunch. He usually_(have) it at this time.9. She_(write) to Jill last month. She_(write) to him next time.10. The students_(stop) talking when their teacher came up.三、单句改错：下面每句均有一处错误，指出并加以改正1. Did you found the answer to this que
16、stion? 2. Mary and her brother was born on the same day. 3. We start this lesson about ten minutes ago. 4. She hadnt anything for breakfast this morning. 5. They came here for a year. 6. Amy singed a song for us at that party. 7. He said he will help me with my English when he was free. 8. The man s
17、aw the bag until it was late. 一、. 句型转换1. The children had a good time in the park.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会)否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_3. There was only one problem.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_4. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_5.
18、 Last week I read an English book.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_对划线部分提问：_二、写出下列动词的三单现、过去式和现在分词go _ _ _ enjoy _ _ _buy _ _ _ eat_ _ _get _ _ _ walk _ _ _take_ _ _ dance_ _ _write _ _ _ run_ _ _swim_ _ _ find _ _ _begin_ _ _ eat _ _ _play _ _ _ study _ _ _三. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last m
19、onth.2. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.So he _ (get ) up late.3. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.4. There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.5. I _ (call) Mike this morning.6. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.7. Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.8. Last week we _ (pick)
20、many apples on the farm.9. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.10. She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.11_ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?12-What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?-We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.13. What _ (mak
21、e) him cry (哭) just now?14. Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.15. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)16. There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)17. There _( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940.18. There _ enough milk at h
22、ome last week, wasnt there?19. Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move)20. When _ you _ (come) to china? Last year.21. Did she _ (have) supper at home?22. Jack _ (not clean) the room just now.23. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?24. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?25. It _ (be) ho
23、t yesterday and most children _ (be) outside.26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it.四. 请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?He _(wat
24、ch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice
25、) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.五、按要求变换句型。1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）Father bought _ _ _ _ me.2. Frank read an interesting book about hi
26、story. （一般疑问句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?3. Hes cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）_ he _?4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）_ _ _ out for a walk?5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）_ _ _ family _ last week?
27、7. I didnt have any friends. （一般疑问句）_ _ have _ friends?8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句）_9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning.10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）_ _ he _ _?六. 翻译下列句子1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。_ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜欢看书
28、。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。Jenny likes _ _. She _ a book _ _ last night.3. Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。他为数学考试作准备了。Emma _ the guitar every day. But he _ _ yesterday. He _ _ the math test.4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ be
29、cause his father _ _ _ yesterday.6. 你还有什么要说的？What _ would you like _ _?7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher.8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？Why _ you _ TV last night?9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground.10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。-When _ he _? -_ 1980一、构成方法 一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原
30、形后加ed。 二、用法说明 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。如： He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如： We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。如： He
31、used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 表示主语过去的特征或性格。如： At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如： He said he would wait until they came back. 一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, inte
32、nd 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。如： I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如： I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。 注意： 1. 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。如： He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不”。如： Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗?我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。