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1、Using Language办寞:语言基础I .单词拼写rainbow n. 彩虹1. plasma n.血浆aerospace n. 航空航天工业2. patriotic adj.爱国的aviation n.航空制造业；航空；飞行3. jet n.喷气式飞机missile n.导弹4. telescope n. 望远镜室1（过去式郎1，过去分词cast）投射；向投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处5. concrete n. 混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的6. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩白leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能7. tr
2、ace vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹8. outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的abstract adj.抽象的；理性的n.（文献等的）摘要concept n.概念；观念9. besides prep. 除之外（还）adv.而且；此外10. brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的furthermore adv. 此外；再者课文注解come down患（病）；染上（小病）abstract/aebstraekt/Q矽.抽象的；理性的n. KCH （文献等的）摘要“/aebstraekt/提取，抽取，别离；写出（书等的）摘要（3）achieve/win fa
3、me 获得/赢得名声steady/stedi/或。稳定的，平稳的，稳步的steadily勿加.稳定地，平稳地champion”. K熟词生义HKCU拥护者；捍卫者concept/kDnsept/几 KCD 概念；观念maths. K熟词生义UKU3运算；计算astronomer/estrDn3m3（r）/. KCD 天文学家astronomy/astrDnaml/H. KU天文学telescope/tellskaupM. KCU 望远镜besides/bFsaldz/空.除之外（还）（相当于apart from）以历.而且；此外furthermore/f3：63m3：（r）/ado.此夕卜，再
4、者（=moreover）above all最重要的是；尤其是admit one9s fault成认某人的错误fault/foilt/n. KCH 弱点；KC, U2 过错odd/Dd/a力:奇怪的；怪异的；反常的原文呈现A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHTStephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchairunable to move and using a com
5、puter to talk K13. Since he came down1 with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract 2 thought.K 11画线局部中的介宾短语in his wheelchair,形容词短语unable to move及现 在分词短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰images of himoHawking first achieved fame 5 when he was
6、still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady 4 state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or endK22. The other was the big bang theory,
7、which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion5 of the steady state concept1 was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyles lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in hi
8、s maths .Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true.Hawkings own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers ? with telescopes. A star was born.K22句中的which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the steady state theoryo So, what made Stephen Hawk
9、ing a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes crele in what he aid jqy did K3l He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore, he was quite determined.This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped
10、him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.K3X画线局部though sometimes careless.or did是though引导的让步状语从句 的省略，将从句补充完整那么是though he was somet
11、imes careless.or did。what he said or did是what引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，what在从句中作宾语。， 课文译文一个纯思维的世界史蒂芬霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都对他坐在 轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面很熟悉。自从他得了一种使他大局部肌肉 失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。霍金第一次知名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生，身体还足 够健康，可以行走。一般来说，关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。一种是宇宙 恒稳态理论，该理论认为宇宙无始无终。另一种是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙 开始于时间
12、和空间的某个单点。剑桥大学教授弗雷德霍伊尔是宇宙恒稳态理论 的最大支持者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站了起来，指出 霍伊尔在计算中犯了一个错误。一旦该计算问题得到修正，它就证明大爆炸理论 才是正确的，而非宇宙恒稳态理论。霍金本人对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文 学家用望远镜证实了。一位明星诞生了。那么，是什么让史蒂芬霍金成为一个天才的呢？除了聪明以外，他还很勇敢, 尽管有时说话或做事会粗心。他愿意说别人不敢说的话，想别人不敢想的东西。 此外，他很坚定。这对他作为一名科学家很有帮助，而且对他与疾病作斗争的帮 助更大。最重要的是，霍金愿意成认自己的错误。这些奇怪的特点组合在一起使 他
13、成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。4折核心要点 探究重点难点 , 峋的精讲, ,Least yf.（cast, cast）投射；向投以（视线 笑容等）；投掷；选派（角色）.it casts different shadows of you.（教材 P6）它投射出你不同的影子cast sb as. 选某人扮演cast a/your vote （for.）（为计殳票cast. .o ver/on/across. 在上才殳射cast n.全体演员；投；掷工一词多义U写出以下句中cast的词性及含义When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over y
14、our life, this is a serious problem.投射（光、影子等）He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.选派角色，分配角色 She cast an impatient look at Mitch and stormed out of the room.向投以The whole cast of My people, My Country performs/perform brilliantly.儿全体演员 About ninety -five percent of those who cast
15、 their votes approved of the new plan.投票2 .pour倒出;倾泻；斟（饮料）况.（水）流出来；（烟）被吐出;涌现；下大雨A nonNewtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.（教材 P7）非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压 力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。pour sth into/dow
16、n/out（sth） 把某物倒进/倒下/倒出（某物）pour sth into sth 大量投入（金钱等）于某事物pour out倾吐；倾诉；尽情地诉说pour cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨Well pour about 30% more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 我们将往一个矮且宽的玻璃杯里倒入的液体比往高且细的玻璃杯里倒入的液体 多大约百分之三十。The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system.
17、政府把大量资金投入到了教育系统中。K链接写作U补全句子It was about ten minutes after we arrived at the small village that it began to pour/poui down/poui cats and dogs.我们到达那个小村庄约十分钟后，天开始下起倾盆大雨。3 .defend几保卫；防守；辩白However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because h
18、e realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.（教材 P7）然而，在1932年“一二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为 他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。（l）defend.against/from. .保卫免受之害defend against. 防御defend oneself/sb 为自己/某人辩护（2）defence n.防御；保卫；辩护；防御物defence against 的才氐御物in defence of.保卫;为辩护 co
19、me to sbs defence 为某人辩护（DShe stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. 她往后退，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在防卫。The immune system is our main defence against diseases.免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。K链接写作X翻译句子不管代价会是什么，我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。（defend.against.） We shall defend oui city against the enemy wha
20、tevei the cost may be.我准备好了为自己的构想辩护。（defend）I am prepared to defend my ideas.4 .gifted M/.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪明的Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.（教材P8）斯蒂芬霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。be gifted in （doing） sth在（做）方面有天赋be gifted with sth 天生具备gift n.天赋；礼物；赠品have a gift/talen
21、t for 有的天赋Dont sell her short： she is very gifted in some areas.别小看她，她在某些方面很有天赋。Tom is gifted in painting while Mary has a gift for language.汤姆在绘画方面有天赋而玛丽在语言方面有天赋。K语境串记The gifted young girl who has a gift for music was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience.这个年轻的天才女孩在音乐方面有天赋，观众送给她一些精美的礼
22、物。5 .abstract喈.抽象的,理性的肝.（文献等的）摘要Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.（教材 Ps）自从他得了一种使他大局部肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一种抽象 的思想世界。（l）/aebstraekt/M/,抽象的，抽象派的。其反义词为concrete（具体的） abstract thinking/noun/concept 抽 象思维/名词/概
23、念/aebstraekt/”.写出（书等的）摘要；提取；别离abstractfrom从中摘录/提取；别离（3）/aebstraekt/儿（文献等的）摘要；概要；抽象派艺术作品 in the abstract抽象地；理论上（相当于in theory） （4）abstractly ado.抽象地K一词多义R写出以下句中abstract的词性及含义I liked facts, things that are concrete.! thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.力.抽 象 的In the lecture, the p
24、rofessor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper.儿摘要It is known to all that rubber is abstracted from trees.s力提取K链接写作D补全句子My idea is reasonable not only in the abstract/in theory but also in practice. 我的想法不仅在理论上是合理的，而且在实践中也是合理的。Modern art is often rather abstract.That is to sa
25、y, it is always abstractly described by artists.现代艺术常常很抽象，也就是说，艺术家们总是抽象地描述它。6 .breakout（战争 打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defen
26、d the country.（教材 P7）然而，在 1932 年 “ 一二八淞沪 抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来 保护和保卫国家。含有break的其他常用短语break away from 挣脱；逃离break down （谈判）失败；出故障；（身体）垮掉；分解break in 打断谈话；插话；闯入（行窃）（不加宾语）break into 强行闯入break off 中断；断开break through 突破；冲破；克服；战胜break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落A fire broke out in a hospital last night,
27、 but no one was killed.昨天晚上一家医院发生了火灾，但没有人伤亡。See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.看，你的电脑又出故障了！为了省几个钱而去买廉价品牌的电脑是不明智的。K名师提醒1 如此“发生”break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也 不能用于被动语态。K链接写作U 补全句子To b
28、e honest, it was only a couple of months before the band broke up.坦白说，那个乐队不到几个月就解散了。7.in charge of 主管；掌管He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.（教材 Ps） 他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，他不仅负责开展中国的火箭科学，还负责
29、中 国的太空和导弹工程。in charge 主管；负责（sth be）in the charge of = （sth be）in ones charge （某事）由某人负责/主管take charge（of.） 负责； 掌管free of charge=for free 免费He asked to speak to the person in charge.他要求和负责人说话。There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children w
30、as asked to take charge of him.托儿所有个很淘气的男孩，一个通常对孩子很有信心的老师被要求来负责照顾他。My uncle is in charge of a local hospital.f A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle.我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。8.above all最重要的是；尤其是Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.（教材 P9）最重要的是，霍金愿意 成认他的错误。first of all首先（强调顺序）after all毕竟；终究a
31、bove all尤其是；最重要的是（强调重要性）all of a sudden （= suddenly） 突然，冷不防all but（ = almost） 几乎；差不多（DAfter all, no one knows me better than me.毕竟，没有人比我更了解我自己。Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.任何东西都不要浪费，尤其是时间。All of a sudden they felt the earth tremble around them.突然他们感到周围的大地在颤抖。They learned that
32、 work was all but impossible to find in that country.他们听说在那个国家找工作几乎是一件不可能的事。K链接写作U翻译句子首先，我们所有的学生向你问候。（2020浙江卷写作）Fiist of all, all of us students want to send oui best legaids to you. 通关,1. We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.（教材 P8）我 们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。the same后有时用that引导定
33、语从句，表示“同一个，就是那一个”。This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。I bought the same book as you read yesterday.我买了一本跟你昨天读的一样的书。K易混辨析K链接写作U补全句子the same.as.表示“与一样”，即同类异物the same.that.表示“同一个”He is the same man that we met yesterday.他就是我们昨天见到的那个人。2. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly mak
34、e missiles? ” , his reply was a determined “Why not?”（教材P8）当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹 吗？ ”他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？” 状语从句的省略用法归纳：（1）省略的条件：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中的谓语动词由be 动词构成时，从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略；从句的主语和主句的主语不 一致，但从句的主语是it且谓语动词为be时，it和be动词可以省略。省略的形式：“when/while/if（主语+ be） +分词、形容词、介词等”， u though/although/unless（主语+ be） 十分词、
35、形容词、介词等”或者 “though/although/unless（主语+与主句谓语相同的动词）+副词 oWhen speaking （speak） English, he often makes mistakes.他说英语时经常犯错误。Unless frightened, elephants will not attack you.除非受到惊吓，否那么大象不会攻击你。If necessary, well help him solve the problem.如果有必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。H熟记重要词语I .写出句中加黑词的词性和含义Were thinking about how
36、 we can engineer plants to replace functions of the thingsthat we use every day.（2020,全国卷I阅读D地.改变基因（或遗传）结构Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his lifew进展； 过程1. . He didnt want to do anything to damage the good name of the company儿名声； 名誉We should push back the frontiers.（知识的）前沿；新领域 n.写出以下词块的含义1
37、. Chinas aerospace science中国航天科学patriotic youth 爱国青少年2. Railway Mechanical Engineering 铁路机械工程aviation major 航空专业3. defend the country 保卫国家. American jet and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术4. a graduate assistant 研究生助理space and missile programme 太空和导弹计划5. under Qians leadership 在钱学森的领导下trace back to Qian
38、s research 追溯到钱学森的研究6. an outstanding and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家the most famous and gifted scientists最著名和最有天赋的科学家7. abstract thought 抽象思维the steady state theory 稳态理论8. . the steady state concept 稳态概念astronomers with telescopes 使用望远镜的天文学家Si练透常用句型I .分析下面长难句并翻译1.21. fault n.弱点；过错shift n.改变；转换
39、；轮班vi.& vt.转移;挪动；转向vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的22. pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）II .词汇转换mechanical c力.机械的;发动机的；机器的f mechanic.机械师；机械修理 工machine机器；机械装置1. assistant n.助理；助手f assist ”帮助;援助f assistance帮助gifted a力.有天赋的;有天才的；天资聪明的天赋；天才2. steady.稳定的;平稳的；稳步的f steadily odo.平稳地;稳定地astronomer n. 天文学家f astronomy n. 天文学in.默写短语brea
40、k out突然开始；爆发1. in charge of 主管； 掌管come down患（病）；染上（小病）2. above all 最重要的是；尤其是switch.to., 改变到3. conduct research icto/on 从事的研究discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事4. trace back to 追溯至Uadmit ones fault 成认某人的错误 突破话题听说I .听说词汇认知翻译以下词语reflectvt. 反映； 映出； 反射1. phenomenon n. KC1 现象cornflour n.玉米粉2. concrete n.
41、 KUU混凝土adj.确实的，具体的Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, 主语状语谓语M 主爵有词表语 结果状语 IIwhen引导时间状语从句as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. 状语K尝试翻译U霍金第一次知名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生，身体健康，还能走路。2.Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bangOnc
42、e引导时间状语从句主一谓语 并列主语 theoryand not the steady state theorywas true. 并列主语系而刀i吾 Ithat引导宾语从句K尝试翻译H一旦计算被修正，它说明大爆炸理论一一而不是稳态理论一一是正确的。II.仿写以下句式This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.K尝试仿写2 我们的老师使我们感到更自信。Our teachei makes us feel more c
43、onfident.1. .Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised thatChina needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.K尝试仿写U 因此，我写信来表示对你的健康的关心。（2020浙江卷）Therefore, I am writing to you to show my concern for your health .5. plasma n. KU1血浆demonstrate vt.
44、 证明； 论证； 说明6. be related to 与有关at times 有时；偶尔7. speak into 对着说10. make a short presentation to. 向做个简短陈述n.话题交际表达先背诵后翻译i.背诵以下“谈论科学现象的”语句.can/cannot exist in the form of a solid/gas and a liquid/plasma.(2).is both a. .and a. .at the same time.how light/sound is reflected.the existence of other.This occ
45、urs when.If you.， it will become.That demonstrates.This experiment/research shows.Through this, we know that.We can prove that.This evidence proves.2.补全句子Through this, we know that human observation equipment and methods are constantly improving.通过这一点，我们知道人类的观测设备和方法在不断地改进。This experiment shows the u
46、niverse is expanding.这个实验说明宇宙正在膨胀。This evidence proves the actual size of the universe is by no means certain.这一证据证明，宇宙的实际大小绝不是确定无疑的。直孩听力技巧听力微技能从K答案X选项中预测预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示，如所给K答 案U选项，段落或对话标 题或图片等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。利用所提供的K答案选项和你已经掌握的知识，你可以猜出你应该听什么样 的信息。有时，你甚至可以准确地猜出会发生什么。这将有助于你在倾听时更好 地集中注意力，使你的倾听
47、更有效。K 典题印证 1 3 What does Tom do?A. Hes a truck driver.B. Hes a ship captain.C. Hes a pilot.K听力原文IW： Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas.M： Yeah, but he couldnt land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.K解题思路C K从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的，再从flew, passengers, airport这些信息词中可知道Tom的职业。XK 典题印证 22 How does the man feel now?A. Thirsty.B. Hungry.C. Tired.K听力原文IM： Can we have supper now? My stomach cant stop making noise.W： In a minute.Help set the table, please.K解题思路UB K选