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1、Learning About Language【基础巩固】i .句型转换1. By （he end of last year we had built five new buildings.-*Five new buildings had been built by the end of last year.（变为被动 语态）Someone had broken into my house before I returned.-*My house had been broken inio （by someone） before I returned.（变为被动语态）She had finish
2、ed writing the composition by 10 I 00 this morning.（1 ）She hadn I finished writing the composition by 10 ： 00 this morning.（变为否认句）2） Had she finished writing ihe composition by 10 ： 0（） ihis morning?（变为一般疑问句）2 3） Who had finished writing【he comDOsilion by 10 ： 001his morning?（对句 中主语 she 提 问） n.单句写作.
3、她的丈夫来营救她之前，她沉浸在悲伤之中。（before）Before her husband came io rescue her, she had been buried in depression.3 .一瞥见这只可爱的兔子我就兴奋地策马追赶它。（hardly.when.）Hardly had I glinrDsed al ihe cule rabbit when I rode my horse to chase after il exciledly.4 .这是我第一次在公众场合被别人嘲笑。（laugh at）h was ihe firsi lime ihal I had been lau
4、ghed a by Shers in public.5 .他突然想起他的作业忘在家里了。（occur）It suddenly occurred【o him ihal his homework had been left al home.6 .我本打算周五下午和你一起去书店，但是发生了意想不到的事情。（inlend）I had inlended lo go 21he booksiore wilh you on Friday afternoon, bui somelhing unexpected happened.7 .到昨天下午5点，你背了多少首唐诗？（by）How many Thng poem
5、s had you recited by five p. m.yesterday?8 .会议结束时宣布已经达成协议。（it was announced that）Al the end of ihe meeting, il was announced that an agreement had been reached.【能力提升】in.阅读理解AOne Chicago kindergartner wanted to feed the homeless instead of holding a birthday party.Armani Crews who turned 6 earlier th
6、is month* had been begging her parents for ”a few monthsn to feed homeless people in her community, but her parents thought “she was joking . Her mother, Artesha Crews, told ABC News.“I said, OK, we 11 make some sandwiches, to which Armani said, What do we know about Armani Crews?A. She was a six-ye
7、ar-old girl disliking birthday gifts.B. She begged her parents to feed the homeless regularly.C. She gave up her birthday party to feed the homeless.D. She was willing to protect the pride of the homeless.R答案cK解析 细节理解题。文章前三段讲Armani想要帮助那些无家可归的人，结合第四段 内容可知，即使她父亲告诉她如果把生日宴会上的东西拿去救济无家可归的人，她就没有生 日礼物了，她依然坚
8、持自己的决定。应选C。 Who donated snacks to the homeless?A. Armani and her family. B. East Garfield Park. C. Congregation members.No.I want the same thing we* d have at my birthday party, her mother recalled.Even when her father, Antoine, informed her that if she wanted to go through with (his, she wouldn t g
9、et a birthday gift, the girL whose birthday is on March 5, persisted.So the Chicago family spent about $300 buying food to deliver to homeless people in the city* s East Garfield Park neighborhood.They purchased chicken, fish, spaghettis com, green beans, mashed potatoes, rolls, cake, cookies, fruit
10、 and water.After Armani mentioned her plan at the family, s local church, congregation members donated other items to create care packages for the homeless.Each care package included a toothbrush, a toothpaste, and a snack, such as a granola bar.Armani s birthday parly was a success, with Che family
11、 feeding more (han 125 people who gathered.In a statement, the kindergarten student told ABC News, uIt was nice to be nice. Her mother added, “She was excited.She was happy.Everybody was being fed.One of the gentlemen said he hadn t had a hot meal in a long time. ”Now the 6-year-old wants to host an
12、other community meal for the homeless.Her mother says the family plans to return to the park “within the next couple of weeks” . They hope more and more people will give a hand to (he massive homeless people in Chicago.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 一个叫Armani Crews的小女孩放弃自己的生日 宴会而去帮助流浪者，最后得到大家的认可和响应的故事。D. ABC N
13、ews reporters.R答案cK解析X 细节理解题。根据第六段可知，当小女孩在她家附近的教堂提及自己的计划之 后，教会的成员捐献了其他的东西来为流浪者制作爱心包裹，每个爱心包裹都包括牙刷、牙 膏和零食，如麦片棒。由此可知，教会成员捐助了零食。应选C。3. What can wc infer about the homeless from the passage?A. Armani Crews held a birthday party for ihem.B. The Chicago family spent more to feed them.C. The girl felt disap
14、pointed with the party for them.D. Homeless people are a great concern in Chicago.K答案DK解析U推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可知，这一群体的数量是十分庞大的，原文使用了 massive一词，因而可以推断出这是芝加哥很令人担忧、引人关注的问题。应选D。4. From what column of a newspaper can we probably find (his text?A. Lifestyle.B. Sports & Games.C. Health & Fitness.D. Entertainment
15、.K答案AK解析H题。本文讲述了一个暖心的生活故事，文章第一句话准确地概括了这个故事。这是一个关于生活方式的故事。应选A。BWhen people visit their local family-owned pumpkin patch around Halloween, they aren* t usually looking for dinner.The majority of the nearly 2 billion pounds of pumpkins grown in the US each year are carved(雕亥(l)up instead of being eaten
16、, making them a unique part of the agriculture industry.For people who prefer seasonal recipes to decorations, that may raise a few questions: Are the pumpkins sold for jack-o, -lanterns different from pumpkins sold as food? And are Halloween pumpkins any good to cat?Can ing pumpkins, often with a r
17、ound shape and deep orange color, don, t taste very good, because they arc bred to be decorations first.They have walls that are thin enough to stick a knife through and a texture(质地)that s unappealing compared to the ones consumers are used to eating. Uncut carving pumpkins are safe to eat; however
18、, it s not the best type to use for cooking, “ Daria McKelvey a supervisor for the Kemper Center for Home Gardening at (he Missouri Botanical Garden, tells Mental F/oss.Unlike decorative pumpkins, cooking pumpkins are small and dense(紧实的).This is one reason they taste better.McKelvey says. uCooking
19、pumpkins are smaller, sweeter, and have fewer fibers, making them easier (o cook with-but not so good for carving.M These pumpkins can be added into soup, or simply roasted.If you do want to get some use out of your carving pumpkins this Halloween, turn the flesh of your Halloween pumpkin into puree
20、.Adding sugar and spices and baking it into a dessert can do a lot to mask the fruit s underwhelming flavor（味道）. Whatever you do, make sure your pumpkin isn t carved up already when you decide to cook with it.Nevcr use one that s been carved into a jack-o* -lantern, otherwise you could be dealing wi
21、th bacteria, dirt and dust. 语篇K解 析R本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一到万圣节，就会有许许多多南瓜被 雕成南瓜灯。实际上，装饰性南瓜和食用南瓜完全是不同的品种。5. What * s the writer* s purpose in Paragraph I?A. To introduce a new concept.B. To lead readers to the topic.C. To make a summary.D. To offer background information.K答案BK解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者提出来的这两个问题
22、是在吸引读 者，引发读者阅读的兴趣，同时也预示着作者在下文会有解释，旨在引导读者进入主题。故 选Bo6. How docs the text mainly develop in Paragraph 2?A. By providing examples.B. By following the order of time.C. By making comparisons.D. By following the order of importance.K答案cK解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句、第三句、第四句和第六句可知，本段是通过装饰南瓜和烹饪南瓜之间的比拟来展开的。应选c。7. Why can
23、t we cook with carved pumpkins according to the last paragraph?A. Because they are specifically used for decoration.B. Because they arc not so delicious as the ones sold for food.C. Because they are too expensive to serve as a dish.D. Because they are not healthy and safe enough as food.K答案DK解析细节理解题
24、。根据最后一段最后一句可知，用一个已经被雕成南瓜灯的南瓜来 烹饪，你要面对的是细菌、尘土和灰，还有其他微生物，由此可知，被雕刻的南瓜是不健康、 不平安的。应选D。8. Where is the text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A magazine.C. A novel.D. A guidebook.K答案BK解析题。阅读全文可知，本文介绍了装饰性南瓜和食用南瓜是完全不同的 品种。由此可推断出，本文的来源可能为一本杂志。应选B。IV.语法填空In 2017, eleven million deaths worldwide were linked to pe
25、ople eating diets high 1.sugar, salt and processed meat.Those foods were partly 2.(blame) for heart disease, cancer and diabetes, a new study found.The findings 3.(report) in (he publication The 乙Researchers considered fifteen dietary elements and found (hat (he consumption of foods such as nuts and
26、 seeds, milk and whole grains 4.(be) on average too low.“The poor diet is responsible for more deaths than 5. other risk factor in the world, “ said Chris Murray,6.(direct) of the Institute for Health Metrics(指标)and Evaluation at (he University of Washington,?. led the work.The study found people at
27、e only 12 percent of the 8.(recommend) amount of nuts and seedsan average intake of 3 grams a day.For good health, experts say, you should eat 21 grams of nuts and seeds every day.Another study suggested 9. u ideal diet ” for the health of people and the planet, which would include a doubling of the
28、 consumption of nuts, fruits, and vegetables.Such a diet would also include 10.(reduce) the amount of meal and sugar consumed by half.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了 2017年，全球有1 10()万人因食用高糖、高 盐和高加工肉类而死亡。另一项研究说明，为了人类和地球的健康，一份“完美的饮食”包 括将坚果、水果和蔬菜的消耗量增加一倍。I - R答案inK解析 考查介词。表示“在方面”用介词in。2. R答 案D to blameK解析 考查固定搭配。固定
29、短语be to blame for ”应该为某事负责任，对应负充 任”。3. R答 案D were reportedK解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，主语为The findings, 此处缺少谓语，谓语用复数形式；由语境知时态是一般过去时，repon与主语之间是被动关 系，故应该用一般过去时的被动语态。4. R答案wasK解 析考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，主语为the consumption of foods,谓语动词应用单数，由主句谓语found可知，时态为一般过去时。5. R答案anyK解 析 考查固定搭配。此处是“形容词比拟级+than+anyother
30、+名词”的用法。6. R答 案directorK解 析 考查词性转换。根据the Institute可知，此处要用名词，作Chris Murray的同 位语，独一无二的头衔、职位的名称作同位语时用零冠词。7. R答案whoK解 析 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，非限制性定语从句的先行词 为Chris Murray,从句中缺主语，指人，应该用who作为关系词。8. R答 案recommendedR解 析 考查非谓语动词。amount of nuts and seeds与recommend之间为被动关系，因 此用过去分词作前置定语，修饰名词。9. R答案anK解析考查冠词。此处表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰“ideal diet”，且形容词ideal发音为元音音素开头。10. K答案reducingR解 析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，谓语为would include,空处作include的宾语，故用动名词形式。