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1、-初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练 (一)概念一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice,decision,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,promise,proposal,reply,report,suggestion,word(消息),problem,question,doubt,thought等。例如:Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们
2、欣喜若狂。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你从哪儿听说我不能来?有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:ThethoughtcametohimthatTommighthavereturnedthebook.他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。(二)引导词请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法。1.ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.2.Hehasntmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.3.Thequestionwhoshouldd
3、otheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting4.Ihavenoideawhattheboyisdoinginthenextroomnow.5.Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.6.IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation.7.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback小结归纳that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1;whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常
4、不能用if来代替,如句2;连接代词who,what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3,4;连接副词where,how,when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5,6,7。(三)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较:1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.2.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.分析句1中that引导同位语从句,说明“news”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。句2中that引导定语从句,对“ne
5、ws”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用,而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较:1.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeaCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.2.Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.分析句1中that引导同位语从句,其中that无词义,也不充当任何成分;句2中that引导定语从句,that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语,且that可以用wh
6、ich替换。可否省略:that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时,若在从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略。即学即用I请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整。1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomthismorningistrue.3.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcometoourcolle-geforavisitnextweek.4.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoneyfromh
7、ishomeyesterday.5.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?6.Theproblem_weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.II.下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.2.IvecomewithamessagefromMrWanghowhewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreesw
8、ithwhatshesaidornot.4.Ivereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.III把下列句子翻译成英语。1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。2.他经常问我这个问题,那就是这个工作是否值得做。3.他什么也不说,这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。4.在我看来,他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。5.他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。Key:I.1.that2.that3.that4.how5.what6.whetherII.1thatw
9、hich2.howthat3.ifwhether4.wherethat/which或省略where5.whenthat6.thathowIII.1.ImadeapromisethatIwouldwritetohimassoonasIgottoBeijing.2.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.3.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.4.Inmyopinion,thenews(that/which)hetoldmejustnowistrue5.Athoughtsuddenlycametohimthatheshouldhavepickeduphisson.-第 5 页-