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1、GrammarReview of past participles语法导学/感悟规律重点难点剖析语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it s often informally referred to as “down under” .1. r m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of
2、 life.2. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.3. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.4. . I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was con
3、vinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!5. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.1 .以
4、上句子中，句1中为过去分词短语作状语，通常放于句首。2 .句2和句5中为过去分词作表语。3 .句4中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面;句3中为过去分词短语 作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。4 .句6中为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。语法精析一、过去分词作定语.意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不 表不被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river 条被污染的河流the watered flowers 浇过水的花(2)只表不完成，不表示被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun升起的太阳1 .位置
5、：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通 常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。The question discussed was very important.讨论过的那个问题很重要。The house standing at the
6、 corner of the street was built in 2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。the changing world变化着的世界the changed world改变了 的世界boiling water沸腾的水boiled water开水J developing countries开展 中国家I developed countries兴旺国家.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作 定语的区别意义形语态时态don
7、e被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。二、过去分词作表语.意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。She look
8、ed disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。1 .过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态 强调主语所承受的动作。试比拟：The book is well written,这本书写得好。 The book was written by a soldier.、这本书是由一位士兵写的。2 .感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉 的“，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某
9、种感觉的”，多用来指 人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：卜urprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的discouraging令人泄气的discouraged 泄气的We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。三、过去分词作状语.意义：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语 通常就是句子的主语，
10、且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用， 也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。Greatly interested, I asked how he played these new works.因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏这些新作的。Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。The scientist Tu Youyou came in, followed by her assistant.科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。When
11、 seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。1 .功能：过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。它可以表示时间、原因、条件、 让步、方式或伴随等。(1)表示时间，可转换为when, while或after等引导的时间状语从句。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.=When he was accepted by the Party, he decided
12、 to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。（2）表示原因，可转换为as, since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.=Because they were deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地打动
13、了，停止了争吵。表示条件，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。If heated ） water can be turned into vapour.=If it is heated, water can be turned into vapour.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。（4）表示让步，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.=Although they were exhausted by the r
14、unning, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个抢匪。表示方式或伴随情况。作方式状语，如有连词as if,可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句； 假设无连词，那么转换为并列结构。作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.= The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room.那个老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。2 .连词+过去分词：分词作时间、条
15、件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上 when, while, if, once, unless, although等连词。相当于状语从句的省略。If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.假假设仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。注意：有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示主动。这样的过去分词及 短语常见的有：lost（迷路），seated（坐），hidden（躲），stationed（驻扎），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）, born（出身于），dre
16、ssed in（穿着），tired of（厌烦）等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn t hear the sound.因为陷入沉思之中，所以他没听到那个声音。四、过去分词作宾语补足语.意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾 语就是其逻辑主语。作宾补的多是及物动词。过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。1 .能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe,
17、find, hear, feel, notice, think 等。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his purse lost.他发现他的钱包丢了。(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。r 11 have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Don t leave those things undone.务必把那些事情做完。(3)表示“希望”“耍求
18、”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish, expect等，其结构为avt. +宾语+ (tobe)p.p.” oI would like this matter (to be) settled at once.我希望此事立刻得到解决。I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o clock.我希望在5点前完成我的作业。3.过去分词作宾补时、要注意以下几种情况：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况：过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)过去
19、分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的经历)过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。Almost no student is seen punished in this school.在这所学校，几乎见不到学生被惩罚。达标检测1/当堂检测基础达标演练;NI .单句语法填空Ordinary soap, used(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.1. I need a new passport so I will have to
20、 have my photograph taken(take).2. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.3. Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed(annoy) with people over unimportant things? 5 . To return to the problem of water pollution, I d like you to look at a study c
21、onducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.6. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint).7. Earth Day, marked(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection。19北京)Back from his tw
22、o-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.8. I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.9. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course spe
23、cially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.(2019天津)n.语法填空I would like to live in a well-designed house 11 .surrounded(surround) by walnut trees and which has a garden 12,filled(fill) with flowers. 13.Painted(paint) yellow and green, the walls of these 14.decorated(decor
24、ate) rooms would seem larger than they really are.In each room there would be a specially 15.made(make) armchair for me to sit in, 16,placed(place) in the most 17 fortable(comfort) position.In this seat I would have music 18.piped(pipe) in from elsewhere in the house.I would be able to experiment 19.with music 2O.created(create) by myself in a special room.This would be the well-planned house T would like to live in.