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1、Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionGrammar一、定义直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。直接引语通常都用引号括起来，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个从句。直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的 等一般均要作相应的变化。直接引语和间接引语的比拟引语概念例句直接引语直接引述别人的原话He said, I am a good boy.他说：“我是一个好男孩J间接引语用自己话转述别人的话He said he was a good boy.他说他是一个好男孩。二、直接引语变间接引语1 .时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said
2、, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态, 即把原来的时态向过去推：直接引语变间接引语的时态变化直接引语变间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时/过去完成时过去完成时e.g. I dont know that J he said =He said that he didnt know that.注：直接引语属以下情况时，时态不作变化：直接引语属真理或客观事实时：The teacher said to us, “Light runs much faster than sound. The teacher told us light ru
3、ns much faster than sound.经常的习惯：He said to the doctor, I smoke two packs every day.”一 He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.历史事件：The teacher said, World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.局部情态动词，如 must, ought to, used to, had better 等：She said to
4、me, You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.2 .人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等要根据意义进行相应的变化。一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。e.g. “I dont know that J he said.=He said that he didnt know that.3 .指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。指示代词thisthat
5、thesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next(followring)daylast month(week)the month(week)beforenext month(week)the next month(week)the day before yesterdaytwo days before地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake4 .语序变化直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。一般疑问句一由连词whe
6、ther或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask, wonder, want to know 等。Eg. Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework?”Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.选择疑问句由whetheror引导的宾语从句。Eg. ”Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays? she asked.She asked me whether I was goine to Beijing or
7、 Shanghai for the holidays.反意疑问句一由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。Eg. “You dont like rock music, do you?” he said.He asked me whether/if I liked rock music.特殊疑问句一由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。Eg. “How many sleeping pills have you taken?” asked the nurse.The nurse asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken.表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑
8、问句变为间接引语：suggest + doing 或 ask/advise + 宾语+动词不定式。Eg. What about starting early tomorrow morning? Jack said.Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.祈使句动词+宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有tell, order, ask, warn。如果祈使句为否认式，那么在不定式前加not。Eg. He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.He told Ann to tell him her problem. 参*考*答*案 一、连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词、动词