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1、Grammar复习被动语态思维导图单元语法-一图贯通复习被动语态一语法整体突破基本构成否认词not的位置带有复合宾语的谓语动词如何变为应注意画 被动语态几个回题带有双宾语的谓语动词如何变为被动语态短语动词如何变为被动语态动词不定式 的被动语态 及用法一般式 完成式 进行式主动语态表被动意义难点突破一|动词不定式的主动语态表被动意义的几种情况语境理解合作探突一、被动语态的基本构成K合作探究HThe children are asked to clean their room every day.孩子们被要求每天清扫一次房间。（一般现在时的被动语态）The work will have been
2、finished by the end of next month.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。（将来完成时的被动语态）I feel that not enough is being done to protect the local animal life.我觉得对当地野生动物的保护力度不够。（现在进行时的被动语态）I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.（过去完成时 的被动语态）我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。工程一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are d
3、one am/is/are being has/have been doneK自主发现口各种时态的被动语态二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be done无 shall/will have beendoneK合作探究RHe was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctors degree. 听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。We saw him sitting there w
4、ithout doing anything.f He was seen sitting there without doing anything.我们看见他坐在那里，什么也没做。His words made me throw up.f I was made to throw up by his words.他的话令我作呕。My father is telling me an interesting story now.f An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.f Im being told an interestin
5、g story by my father now.爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。The old man was often laughed at那位老人经常受人嘲笑。K自主发现2D否认词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补 足语保存不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。在主动语态中，make, hear, see等词后接不定式要省略to,但转换为被动语态 时，那么不能省略t。带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表物的直接宾语变为 主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语,或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语
6、。(4)短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面 的介词或副词。三、动词不定式的被动形式和用法K合作探究It is a great honor to be invited to host the opening ceremony.很荣幸被邀主持开幕式。He is said to have been admitted to Tsinghua University.据说他已经被清华大学录取了。He pretended to be reading a text when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，他假装正在读课文。K自主发现3D当不定式的逻辑主
7、语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被 动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。(2)完成式：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。(3)进行式：to be doing表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 并强调动作的持续性和正在进行。四 难点突破(一)主动语态表被动意义K合作探究1The pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。The old bridge is dangerous； it needs repairing.这座老
8、桥很危险，需要整修了。This film is really worth seeing.这部电影确实值得看。K自主发现4(1)有些动词如 read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子 的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时o(2)动词need, require, want及形容词worth后加o. ing的
9、主动形式表被动意义。(二)动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况K合作探究The villager will show you the secret path to take.这位村民将告诉你要走的秘密小道。We still have many poor children to take care of.我们仍有许多贫困儿童要去照管。ril go to the post office.Do you have anything to be posted?我要去邮局。你有东西要邮寄吗？(此句中的不定式to be posted的执行者不是句 子的主语you而是I)The water is not
10、 fit to drink, so hold out until we get to the shop.这水不能喝，所以坚持住，直到我们到达商店。The house is to let.此房出租。K自主发现5X(1)不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系,且句中出现了动作的逻 辑主语时，如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，那么用不定式的被动式。(2)在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子 的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这 样的形容词常见的有：amusing, comfortable, dangerous, diff
11、icult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny 等。(3)某些动词，如blame, let(出租)等的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表 被动意义。K巩固内化12用所给词的正确时态语态填空We are confident that the environment will be improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.It is the first time that the actresss
12、 performance has been recognized (recognize) by the director.The house is quite old.It was built (build) in 1950.I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired (repair) at the garage. K巩固内化2将以下各句改为被动语态We saw a stranger enter the building just now.f Astranger wasseentoenter the buildin
13、g justnow.My uncle gave me a present the other day.Apresent wasgiventomg the other day bymyuncle.The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.f I was made to decide to stay here for another day (by the b ad weathei).My uncle took good care of me when I was young.f was taken good care
14、of by my uncle when was young.K巩固内化32根据提示用不定式的被动语态补全句子The truth seems to have been known by the judge.法官似乎已经知道了真相。It is an honor to be chosor as a volunteer.能选上志愿者，真是一件荣耀的事情。The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年建成的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。K巩固内化4用所给动词的适当形式填空His books
15、 sell(sell) well, so they are sold out soon.This cheese doesnt cut (not cut) easily.Its too soft.These small trees need taking/to be taken (take) good care of.K巩固内化5用所给词的适当形式填空We have four reading passages to complete (complete)in the coming holiday.The old man found the computer was hard to operate
16、 (operate).She had no money to buy(buy)a birthday present for their children.The girl is easy to get (get) along with.语言内化稳步提能课堂实践应用I .单句语法填空l.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.(2019全国卷III)1 .1 still remember visiting a fr
17、iend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(20186 月浙江高考). When fat and salt are removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷 I )3 .Steam engines were used (use) to pull the carriages and it
18、must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷 II).Sarah was told/has been told (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (2017全国卷 HI)4 .He is envied (envy) by many men, because he has a big house, a car
19、and a good family.5 .The tourists were accompanied (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.6 .一Hi, Li Ping.Can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?一Sorry.lt is being repaiied (repair).7 .We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made(makK).8 .The next thing
20、 to be done (do) is to clean the classroom.9 .1 find the problem is very difficult to solve (solve).12 .The billionaire is reported in the local newspaper to hav been robbed(eob) last week.13 .Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students, but it remains to be seen (see) whether they will
21、enjoy it.14 .To make way for the wide street, these houses need pulliog/to be pulled (pull) down.15 .一What about your new clothes?一They are a little expensive but the cloth washes (wash) well.II .同义句转换.They are discussing the question at the meeting.(改为被动语态)f The question is being discussed by them
22、at the meeting.1 .His neighbors tended the children well.（改为被动语态） f The children were well tended by his neighbors.2 .He hurried to the station, and was told the train had left.（改为 only+不定式的被动 语态）fHe hurried tQ the station, only to be told the rain- had left.3 .The box is so light that he can carry
23、it.（改为简单句）f The box is light enough for him to carry.4 .They will give me a chance to play in this game again.（改为被动语态）will be given a chance to play jn this game again by them./A chance will be given to me to play in this game_again_by_them.6.1 t appeared that he had been questioned many times.（改成非谓
24、语动词形式）fHe appeared S have been questioned many times.7.1 feel it a great honor that I will be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.（改成非谓语动词形式）f I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.8.The problems that will be discussed at the meetin
25、g are closely connected with ourdaily life,（改成非谓语动词形式）The problems to be discussed at the meeting are closely connected with our daily life.in .补全句子t is said that cars will be sent abroad by sea.据说他们将用船把汽车送往国外。2 .They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebu
26、ilt.他们现在和父母住在一起,因为他们自己的房子正在重建.Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company.我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。3 .The letters for the boss were put on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.写给老板的那些信件放在老板桌子上了，但直到三天之后他才看。4 .Tm glad to have been helped by so many warm hearted people. 我很高兴得到了这么多热心人的帮助。