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1、Grammar动词一ing形式作主语图解语法脉络doing变化形式（以do为例）（动词ing形式的时态和语态-动词-ing形式作主语时态意义 语态being done having done having been doneJ动词-ing形式作主语、动词-ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动词 意义-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，且作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式但或可位于句首和句末动词-ing形式的复合结构 作主语时的两种形式形容词性物主代词+动词-ing形式 名词所有格+动词-ing形式感知语法规律Even though the sun is brightly shini
2、ng, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.1. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.2. For hundreds of years， looking after reindeer was a way of life fbr the Sami.3. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed t
3、o be alive.K自主发现D.动名词由动词变化而来,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。1 .单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词需要用更遨。精讲语法知识 一、动词一ing形式的时态和语态1.动词一ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式（以do为例）:吾态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2.动词一ing形式的时态意义动词一ing形式的一般式多用于表示一般情况，其所表示的动作与谓语动词所 表示的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。I enjoy listening to classic
4、al music.我喜欢听古典音乐。（一般情况）She imagined finding a wallet on the sidewalk.她想象着自己在人行道上发现了一个钱包。（同时）He suggested studying science.他建议学习科学。（稍后）（2）动词一ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。He was praised for having done a good deed.他因为做了件好事而受到表扬。2 .动词一ing形式的语态动词一ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词一ing形式的 被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
5、He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。（执行者）Sorry, I didnt mean to lose my temper.I just cant stand being misunderstood.对不起，我并不是存心要发脾气。我只是受不了被误解。（承受者）即时训练1单句语法填空Understanding （understand） your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and
6、emotions.（湖 南卷单项填空 改编） The film star wears sunglasses.Therefbre ， he can go shopping without being recognized （recognize）.二 动词一ing形式作主语.动词一ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法功能：动词一ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用 单数形式。Using cocaine increases the users heart rate and blood pressure.使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。Wasting a persons
7、time is the same as killing him for his property.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。K名师提醒U 意义不同的两个动词一ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复 数形式。Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learnEnglish.听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。1 .形式主语it代替动词一ing形式作主语It is no use talking to him-he wont listen.跟他谈没有用他不会听的。It is a wa
8、ste of time talking about such useless things.谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。K名师提醒it作形式主语代替动词一ing形式的常用句型(l)It is/feels funny doing sth 做某事(感觉)很有趣It is useless doing sth 做某事无用It is worthwhile doing sth 做某事是值得的(2)Ifs a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间(3)Ifs no good/no use/no fun doing sth做某事没好处/没用/没意思即时训练2(1)用所给动词的适
9、当形式填空Learning (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need fbr the ftiture.(2019天津卷)Eating (eat) too much fat is no good fbr your health.Its a waste of time trying (try) to persuade such a person.It is no use writing (write) to him； he never answers letters.(2)补全句子Tiav
10、eling along Jhe _silk Road_is an interesting and rewarding experience.G匕京卷）沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。三 动词一ing形式的否认形式动词一ing形式的否认形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻 辑主语和动词一ing形式之间。Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。Not having done
11、 his homework makes the teacher angry.未完成他的作业让老师很生气。 即时训练3补全句子Not buying the expensive dress （没买那条贵裙子）causes the couple to quarrel.Not passing he exam （未能通过考试）made him disturbed.四、动词一ing形式的复合结构动词一ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加 动词一ing,即“sb/sb，s+doing”构成。动词一ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动 词一ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词一ing形式
12、的复合结构有四种形式： 形容词性物主代词+动词一ing形式名词所有格+动词一ing形式,代词宾格+动词一ing形式名词+动词一ing形式Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮助鼓舞了我们所有人。（=That she came to help encouraged all of us.）Marys （不可用 Mary） being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。动词一ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时，不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格 形式。 即时训练4补全句子His being atg again
13、made his teacher very angry.他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。Janes being carelessness caused so much trouble.简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。运用语法规那么I.单句语法填空It is no good saying (say) such ugly words to him.1. Being JaugheQ at (laugh at) is what T hate most.2. Not being bathed (bath) makes the baby smell unpleasant.3. Planting many t
14、rees is (be) very good for our environment.4. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.5. Being educated (educate) in Beijing University is the dream of many students.6. Not having received (receive) a reply made the manager worried.7. . But using (use) cheese brine(盐水)could help bo
15、th cheese producers and cities save money.8. . Building up a dream team is (be) more complex than simply hiring the best talent.9. Its no use complaining (complain) without taking action, n .补全句子Its a waste of time arguing with him.和他争论真是浪费时间。1. His getting ur late in the morning made him late for c
16、lass.他早上起晚了，这导致他上课迟到了。2. My brothers, playing thg guitar makes me fail to get down Jo studying. 我哥哥弹吉他使我无法专心学习。3. Having _led_ jhg way by the local villager made us find the strange cave quickly.在当地村民的引路下，我们很快找到了那个奇怪的山洞。4. ts no good sleeping in_ _bed_ 矶 day.整天在床上睡觉没有好处。5. Walking after; a jneal is
17、a very good habit.饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。6. Working in_ this environment is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种环境中工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。7. . Having finished his homework allows him to turn on the TV. 做完作业后，他就可以翻开电视了。III.语法填空The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors and different cultu
18、res.Ifs important to develop an 1. (appreciate) fbr different cultures in order to become a well-rounded person who is 2.(sense) to the unique qualities of others.One way to develop this pleasure is to try to learn about other cultures around the world.There are several ways to become knowledgeable
19、about different cultures.One way is to read books 3. (write) by authors from different cultures.4. (read) works by authors 5.have a close relationship with one specific culture allows people to gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of life of 6.particular group
20、of people.For example, when a teacher 7. (wish) to expose her students 8. a different culture, she will often read them stories based on that culture.9. (learn) about various tribes ofNative Americans， she may read students books like The RoughFace Girl by Rafe Martin.She may invite Native American
21、10. (storyteller) to visit the classroom so students can listen to authentic tales from that particular culture.K语篇解读U 世界是不同语言、不同肤色、不同文化构成的多彩风景。培养对 不同文化的欣赏能力很重要，其中一个方法是阅读来自特定文化的作者写的书。 阅读这些作品可以让人们真正地了解特定人群的饮食、音乐、语言、宗教和生活 方式。1. 叩preciationK考查词性转换。根据设空处前的不定冠词an可知，设空处应用名词。n2. sensitive K考查词性转换。besensiti
22、veto为固定搭配，意为“对敏感/感受力强的“。故填sensitive。33. written K考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处 应用非谓语动词形式；设空处和books构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形 式作定语。故填written。Reading K考查非谓语动词。works by authors在句中作主语，设空 处应用动名词形式，且位于句首，故填Reading。？4. who/thatK考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为authors,指人，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。U5. a K考查冠词。a group of为固定搭配，意为：”一群”。故填a。wishes K考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时， 且主语为a teacher,设空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填wishes。16. to K考查介词。expose.to为固定搭配，意为“使接触”。故填to。1To learnK考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，且位于句首。故填To learn。？7. storytellers K考查名词单复数。storyteller意为”（尤指给儿童）讲故事的人”， 为可数名词；根据句意可知，此处表泛指，指不止一个会讲故事的人，应用复数 形式。U